HIER(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual HIER(7)
NAME
hier - file system hierarchy
DESCRIPTION
The following outline gives a quick tour through a representative directory hierarchy.
/ root
/vmunix
the kernel binary (UNIX itself)
/lost+found
directory for connecting detached files for fsck(8)
/dev/ devices(4)
MAKEDEV
shell script to create special files
MAKEDEV.local
site specific part of MAKEDEV
console
main console, tty(4)
tty* terminals, tty(4)
hp* disks, hp(4)
rhp* raw disks, hp(4)
up* UNIBUS disks up(4)
...
/bin/ utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)
as assembler
cc C compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2
csh C shell
...
/lib/ object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/
libc.a system calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)
...
ccom C compiler proper
cpp C preprocessor
c2 C code improver
...
/etc/ essential data and maintenance utilities; sect(8)
dump dump program dump(8)
passwd password file, passwd(5)
group group file, group(5)
motd message of the day, login(1)
termcap
description of terminal capabilities, termcap(5)
ttytype
table of what kind of terminal is on each port, ttytype(5)
mtab mounted file table, mtab(5)
dumpdates
dump history, dump(8)
fstab file system configuration table fstab(5)
disktab
disk characteristics and partition tables, disktab(5)
hosts host name to network address mapping file, hosts(5)
networks
network name to network number mapping file, networks(5)
protocols
protocol name to protocol number mapping file, protocols(5)
services
network services definition file, services(5)
remote names and description of remote hosts for tip(1C), remote(5)
phones private phone numbers for remote hosts, as described in phones(5)
ttys properties of terminals, ttys(5)
getty part of login, getty(8)
init the parent of all processes, init(8)
rc shell program to bring the system up
rc.local
site dependent portion of rc
cron the clock daemon, cron(8)
mount mount(8)
...
/sys/ system source
h/ header (include) files
acct.h acct(5)
stat.h stat(2)
...
sys/ machine independent system source
init_main.c
uipc_socket.c
ufs_syscalls.c
...
conf/ site configuration files
GENERIC
...
net/ general network source
netinet/
DARPA Internet network source
netimp/
network code related to use of an IMP
if_imp.c
if_imphost.c
if_imphost.h
...
vax/ source specific to the VAX
locore.s
machdep.c
...
vaxuba/
device drivers for hardware which resides on the UNIBUS
uba.c
dh.c
up.c
...
vaxmba/
device drivers for hardware which resides on the MASBUS
mba.c
hp.c
ht.c
...
vaxif network interface drivers for the VAX
if_en.c
if_ec.c
if_vv.c
...
/tmp/ temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/
e* used by ed(1)
ctm* used by cc(1)
...
/usr/ general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system
adm/ administrative information
wtmp login history, utmp(5)
messages
hardware error messages
tracct phototypesetter accounting, troff(1)
lpacct line printer accounting lpr(1)
vaacct, vpacct
varian and versatec accounting vpr(1), vtroff(1), pac(8)
/usr /bin
utility programs, to keep /bin/ small
tmp/ temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small
stm* used by sort(1)
raster used by plot(1G)
dict/ word lists, etc.
words principal word list, used by look(1)
spellhist
history file for spell(1)
games/
hangman
lib/ library of stuff for the games
quiz.k/
what quiz(6) knows
index category index
africa countries and capitals
...
...
...
include/
standard #include files
a.out.h
object file layout, a.out(5)
stdio.h
standard I/O, intro(3S)
math.h(3M)
...
sys/ system-defined layouts, cf /sys/h
net/ symbolic link to sys/net
machine/
symbolic link to sys/machine
...
lib/ object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small
atrun scheduler for at(1)
lint/ utility files for lint
lint[12]
subprocesses for lint(1)
llib-lc
dummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used by lint(1)
llib-lm
dummy declarations for /lib/libc.m
...
struct/
passes of struct(1)
...
tmac/ macros for troff(1)
tmac.an
macros for man(7)
tmac.s macros for ms(7)
...
font/ fonts for troff(1)
ftR Times Roman
ftB Times Bold
...
uucp/ programs and data for uucp(1C)
L.sys remote system names and numbers
uucico the real copy program
...
units conversion tables for units(1)
eign list of English words to be ignored by ptx(1)
/usr/ man/
volume 1 of this manual, man(1)
man0/ general
intro introduction to volume 1, ms(7) format
xx template for manual page
man1/ chapter 1
as.1
mount.1m
...
...
cat1/ preformatted pages for section 1
...
msgs/ messages, cf msgs(1)
bounds highest and lowest message
new/ binaries of new versions of programs
preserve/
editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups
public/
binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone
spool/ delayed execution files
at/ used by at(1)
lpd/ used by lpr(1)
lock present when line printer is active
cf* copy of file to be printed, if necessary
df* daemon control file, lpd(8)
tf* transient control file, while lpr is working
uucp/ work files and staging area for uucp(1C)
LOGFILE
summary log
LOG.* log file for one transaction
mail/ mailboxes for mail(1)
name mail file for user name
name.lock
lock file while name is receiving mail
secretmail/
like mail/
uucp/ work files and staging area for uucp(1C)
LOGFILE
summary log
LOG.* log file for one transaction
mqueue/
mail queue for sendmail(8)
wd initial working directory of a user, typically wd is the user's login name
.profile
set environment for sh(1), environ(7)
.project
what you are doing (used by ( finger(1) )
.cshrc startup file for csh(1)
.exrc startup file for ex(1)
.plan what your short-term plans are (used by finger(1) )
.netrc startup file for various network programs
.msgsrc
startup file for msgs(1)
.mailrc
startup file for mail(1)
calendar
user's datebook for calendar(1)
doc/ papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in ms(7) format
as/ assembler manual
c C manual
...
/usr/ src/
source programs for utilities, etc.
bin/ source of commands in /bin
as/ assembler
ar.c source for ar(1)
...
usr.bin/
source for commands in /usr/bin
troff/ source for nroff and troff(1)
font/ source for font tables, /usr/lib/font/
ftR.c Roman
...
term/ terminal characteristics tables, /usr/lib/term/
tab300.c
DASI 300
...
...
ucb source for programs in /usr/ucb
games/ source for /usr/games
lib/ source for programs and archives in /lib
libc/ C runtime library
csu/ startup and wrapup routines needed with every C program
crt0.s regular startup
mcrt0.s
modified startup for cc -p
sys/ system calls(2)
access.s
brk.s
...
stdio/ standard I/O functions(3S)
fgets.c
fopen.c
...
gen/ other functions in(3)
abs.c
...
net/ network functions in(3N)
gethostbyname.c
...
local/ source which isn't normally distributed
new/ source for new versions of commands and library routines
old/ source for old versions of commands and library routines
ucb/ binaries of programs developed at UCB
...
edit editor for beginners
ex command editor for experienced users
...
mail mail reading/sending subsystem
man on line documentation
...
pi Pascal translator
px Pascal interpreter
...
vi visual editor
SEE ALSO
ls(1), apropos(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), finger(1), which(1), ncheck(8), find(1), grep(1)
BUGS
The position of files is subject to change without notice.
4th Berkeley Distribution May 20, 1985 HIER(7)