10 More Discussions You Might Find Interesting
1. UNIX for Beginners Questions & Answers
Hi. I have some code, that for some reason, I could not post it here in this post. Here's the address for it:
#if 0 shc Version 4.0.1, Generic Shell Script Compiler GNU GPL Version 3 Md - Pastebin.com
First off, I used "shc" to convert the code from shell script to C.
And The... (6 Replies)
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2. UNIX for Advanced & Expert Users
Hi Experts,
I have several shell scripts that have been developed on a Linux box for korn ksh93.
If we want to run this software on an AIX 6.1 box that runs ksh88 by default can we just change the she-bang line to reference /bin/ksh93 which ships with AIX as its "enhanced shell" to ensure... (6 Replies)
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3. Programming
A sample.c file is written with only one single statement.
main;
Segmentation fault occurred when executed that file.
Any statement other than main; is written, for example unix; then it won't compile.
why is this behaviour ! (2 Replies)
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4. Programming
H friends,
As we know, a function returns a value and that value is saved somwhere. like
int Sum( int x, int y )
{
return x + y;
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Total = Sum( 10, 20 );
The value 30 is saved in variable Total.
Now the question is, what int value does the function main return, and where is it... (5 Replies)
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5. Programming
Hi friends,
when I am passing arguments to main, I want another function to be able to have access to that function, the problem is that I am creating athread, which has a function like void *xyz(void *), how can pass the refernce of argv to this function, if you see my program, you will better... (2 Replies)
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6. Shell Programming and Scripting
Hi! I've a C program as shown below..
The line numbers and the statements of the program are separated by a space..
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 char a,b,c;
3 float x,y,z;
4 int main()
5 {
6 int d,e,f;
7 // further declarations
8 // further declarations
9 /* body*/
10 }
11 void fun1()
12... (1 Reply)
Discussion started by: abk07
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7. Programming
Hi,
I have a main loop which calls a sub loop, which finally returns to the main loop itself. The main loop runs when a flag is set. Now, I have a signal handler for SIGINT, which resets the flag and thus stops the main loop. Suppose I send SIGINT while the program is in subloop, I get an error... (1 Reply)
Discussion started by: Theju
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8. Programming
Is it possible to execute any function before main() function in C or C++. (6 Replies)
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9. Shell Programming and Scripting
I wrote a script in ksh93 (the OS is AIX 5.2, ML7), which failed to run. After some testing i found out why, but the answer is a bit dissatisfying. Look for yourself:
#!/bin/ksh93
# --------- Step Names
typeset achStepName="foo"
typeset achStepName="bar"
typeset achStepName="fubar"... (3 Replies)
Discussion started by: bakunin
3 Replies
10. Programming
i just finished a project for a c++ class that i wrote at home on my computer, compiled with gcc. when i brought the code into school it would not compile, it would complain that cannot call main() function. at school we use ancient borland c++ from 1995. anyway my program has 20 different... (3 Replies)
Discussion started by: norsk hedensk
3 Replies
shell_builtins(1) User Commands shell_builtins(1)
NAME
shell_builtins, case, for, foreach, function, if, repeat, select, switch, until, while - shell command interpreter built-in commands
DESCRIPTION
The shell command interpreters csh(1), ksh(1), ksh93(1), and sh(1) have special built-in commands. The commands case, for, foreach, func-
tion, if, repeat, select, switch, until, and while are commands in the syntax recognized by the shells. They are described in the Commands
section of the manual pages of the respective shells. In ksh93(1), fc, hash, stop, suspend, times, and type are aliases by default. In
ksh93, the following built-ins are bound to the /bin pathname by default and are invoked if the pathname search encounters an executable
command of that name in the /bin or /usr/bin directory: cat, chown, getconf, head, mkdir, rmdir, tee, uniq, and wc.
The remaining commands listed in the following table are built into the shells for reasons such as efficiency or data sharing between com-
mand invocations. They are described on their respective manual pages.
Command Shell
-----------------------------------------------------------
++**alias csh, ksh, ksh93
bg csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
+*break csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
builtin ksh93
case csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
cat ksh93
cd csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
chdir csh, sh
chown ksh93
command ksh93
+*continue csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
dirs csh
disown ksh93
echo csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
+*eval csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
+*exec csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
+*exit csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
++**export ksh, ksh93, sh
false ksh, ksh93
fc ksh, ksh93
fg csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
for ksh, ksh93, sh
foreach csh
function ksh, ksh93
getconf ksh93
getopts ksh, ksh93, sh
glob csh
goto csh
hash ksh, ksh93, sh
hashstat csh
head ksh93
hist ksh93
history csh
if csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
jobs csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
kill csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
let ksh, ksh93,
limit csh
login csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
logout csh
mkdir ksh93
nice csh
+*newgrp ksh, ksh93, sh
nohup csh
notify csh
onintr csh
popd csh
print ksh, ksh93
printf ksh93
pushd csh
pwd ksh, ksh93, sh
read ksh, ksh93, sh
++**readonly ksh, ksh93, sh
rehash csh
repeat csh
+*return ksh, ksh93, sh
select ksh, ksh93
+set csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
setenv csh
shift csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
sleep ksh93
source csh
stop csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
suspend csh, ksh, sh
switch csh
tee ksh93
test ksh, ksh93, sh
time csh
*times ksh, ksh93, sh
*+trap ksh, ksh93, sh
true ksh, ksh93
type ksh, ksh93, sh
++**typeset ksh, ksh93
ulimit ksh, ksh93, sh
umask csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
+unalias csh, ksh, ksh93
unhash csh
uniq ksh93
unlimit csh
+unset csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
unsetenv csh
until ksh, ksh93, sh
*wait csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
whence ksh, ksh93
while csh, ksh, ksh93, sh
Bourne Shell, sh, Special Commands
Input/output redirection is now permitted for these commands. File descriptor 1 is the default output location. When Job Control is
enabled, additional Special Commands are added to the shell's environment.
In addition to these built-in reserved command words, sh also uses:
: No effect; the command does nothing. A zero exit code is returned.
.filename Read and execute commands from filename and return. The search path specified by PATH is used to find the directory contain-
ing filename.
C shell, csh
Built-in commands are executed within the C shell. If a built-in command occurs as any component of a pipeline except the last, it is exe-
cuted in a subshell. In addition to these built-in reserved command words, csh also uses:
: Null command. This command is interpreted, but performs no action.
Korn Shell, ksh, Special Commands
Input/Output redirection is permitted. Unless otherwise indicated, the output is written on file descriptor 1 and the exit status, when
there is no syntax error, is zero.
Commands that are preceded by one or two * (asterisks) are treated specially in the following ways:
1. Variable assignment lists preceding the command remain in effect when the command completes.
2. I/O redirections are processed after variable assignments.
3. Errors cause a script that contains them to abort.
4. Words, following a command preceded by ** that are in the format of a variable assignment, are expanded with the same rules as a
variable assignment. This means that tilde substitution is performed after the = sign and word splitting and file name genera-
tion are not performed.
In addition to these built-in reserved command words, ksh also uses:
* : [ arg ... ] The command only expands parameters.
* .file [ arg ... ] Read the complete file then execute the commands. The commands are executed in the current shell environment.
The search path specified by PATH is used to find the directory containing file. If any arguments arg are
specified, they become the positional parameters. Otherwise, the positional parameters are unchanged. The exit
status is the exit status of the last command executed. the loop termination test.
Korn Shell, ksh93, Special Commands
Input/Output redirection is permitted. Unless otherwise indicated, the output is written on file descriptor 1 and the exit status, when
there is no syntax error, is zero.
Except for :, true, false, echo, newgrp, and login, all built-in commands accept -- to indicate end of options. They also interpret the
option --man as a request to display the manual page onto standard error and -? as a help request which prints a usage message on standard
error.
Commands that are preceded by one or two + are treated specially in the following ways:
1. Variable assignment lists preceding the command remain in effect when the command completes.
2. I/O redirections are processed after variable assignments.
3. Errors cause a script that contains them to abort.
4. They are not valid function names.
5. Words, following a command preceded by ++ that are in the format of a variable assignment, are expanded with the same rules as a
variable assignment. This means that tilde substitution is performed after the = sign and field splitting and file name genera-
tion are not performed.
In addition to these built-in reserved command words, ksh93 also uses:
: [ arg ... ] The command only expands parameters.
.name [ arg ... ] If name is a function defined with the function name reserved word syntax, the function is executed in the cur-
rent environment (as if it had been defined with the name() syntax.) Otherwise if name refers to a file, the
file is read in its entirety and the commands are executed in the current shell environment. The search path
specified by PATH is used to find the directory containing the file. If any arguments arg are specified, they
become the positional parameters while processing the . command and the original positional parameters are
restored upon completion. Otherwise the positional parameters are unchanged. The exit status is the exit status
of the last command executed.
SEE ALSO
Intro(1), alias(1), break(1), builtin(1), cd(1), chmod(1), csh(1), disown(1), echo(1), exec(1), exit(1), find(1), getoptcvt(1), getopts(1),
glob(1), hash(1), history(1), jobs(1), kill(1), ksh(1), ksh93(1), let(1), limit(1), login(1), logout(1), newgrp(1), nice(1), nohup(1),
print(1), printf(1), pwd(1), read(1), readonly(1), set(1), sh(1), shift(1), sleep(1), suspend(1), test(1)test(1), test(1B), time(1),
times(1), trap(1), typeset(1), umask(1), wait(1), chdir(2), chmod(2), creat(2), umask(2), getopt(3C), profile(4), environ(5)
SunOS 5.11 20 Nov 2007 shell_builtins(1)