MOUNT(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 						  MOUNT(8)

NAME

     mount -- mount file systems

SYNOPSIS

     mount [-adfruvw] [-t ufs | lfs | external_type]
     mount [-dfruvw] special | node
     mount [-dfruvw] [-o options] [-t ufs | lfs | external_type] special node

DESCRIPTION

     The mount command calls the mount(2) system call to prepare and graft a special device or the remote node (rhost:path) on to the file system
     tree at the point node.  If either special or node are not provided, the appropriate information is taken from the fstab(5) file.

     The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems.  If no arguments are given to mount, this list is printed.

     The options are as follows:

     -a      All the filesystems described in fstab(5) are mounted.  Exceptions are those marked as ``noauto'' or are excluded by the -t flag (see
	     below).

     -d      Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call.  This option is useful in conjunction with the -v flag to determine
	     what the mount command is trying to do.

     -f      Forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only.

     -o      Options are specified with a -o flag followed by a comma separated string of options.  The following options are available:

	     async   All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously.	This can be somewhat dangerous with respect to losing data when
		     faced with system crashes and power outages.  This is also the default.  It can be avoided with the noasync option.

	     force   The same as -f; forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade a filesystem mount status from read-write to
		     read-only.

	     noasync
		     This filesystem should not force all I/O to be written asynchronously.

	     noauto  This filesystem should be skipped when mount is run with the -a flag.

	     nodev   Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file system.  This option is useful for a server that has file
		     systems containing special devices for architectures other than its own.

	     noexec  Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system.  This option is useful for a server that has file systems
		     containing binaries for architectures other than its own.

	     nosuid  Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take effect.

	     rdonly  The same as -r; mount the file system read-only (even the super-user may not write it).

	     sync    All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously.

	     update  The same as -u; indicate that the status of an already mounted file system should be changed.

	     union   Causes the namespace at the mount point to appear as the union of the mounted filesystem root and the existing directory.
		     Lookups will be done in the mounted filesystem first.  If those operations fail due to a non-existent file the underlying
		     directory is then accessed.  All creates are done in the mounted filesystem.

	     Any additional options specific to a filesystem type that is not one of the internally known types (see the -t option) may be passed
	     as a comma separated list; these options are distinguished by a leading ``-'' (dash).  Options that take a value are specified using
	     the syntax -option=value.	For example, the mount command:

		   mount -t hfs -o nosuid,-w,-m=755 /dev/disk2s9 /tmp

	     causes mount to execute the equivalent of:

		   /sbin/mount_hfs -o nosuid -w -m 755 /dev/disk2s9 /tmp

     -r      The file system is to be mounted read-only.  Mount the file system read-only (even the super-user may not write it).  The same as the
	     ``rdonly'' argument to the -o option.

     -t ufs | lfs | external type
	     The argument following the -t is used to indicate the file system type.  The type ufs is the default.  The -t option can be used to
	     indicate that the actions should only be taken on filesystems of the specified type.  More than one type may be specified in a comma
	     separated list.  The list of filesystem types can be prefixed with ``no'' to specify the filesystem types for which action should not
	     be taken.	For example, the mount command:

		   mount -a -t nonfs,hfs

	     mounts all filesystems except those of type NFS and HFS.

	     If the type is not one of the internally known types, mount will attempt to execute a program in /sbin/mount_XXX where XXX is
	     replaced by the type name.  For example, nfs filesystems are mounted by the program /sbin/mount_nfs.

     -u      The -u flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file system should be changed.  Any of the options discussed above (the
	     -o option) may be changed; also a file system can be changed from read-only to read-write or vice versa.  An attempt to change from
	     read-write to read-only will fail if any files on the filesystem are currently open for writing unless the -f flag is also specified.
	     The set of options is determined by first extracting the options for the file system from the fstab table, then applying any options
	     specified by the -o argument, and finally applying the -r or -w option.

     -v      Verbose mode.

     -w      The file system object is to be read and write.

	     The options specific to NFS filesystems are described in the mount_nfs(8) manual page.

FILES

     /etc/fstab  file system table

SEE ALSO

     mount(2), fstab(5), mount_afp(8), mount_cd9660(8), mount_cddafs(8), mount_devfs(8), mount_fdesc(8), mount_hfs(8), mount_msdos(8),
     mount_nfs(8), mount_smbfs(8), mount_synthfs(8), mount_udf(8), mount_volfs(8), mount_webdav(8), umount(8)

BUGS

     It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash.

HISTORY

     A mount command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.

4th Berkeley Distribution					   June 16, 1994					 4th Berkeley Distribution