TIMED(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 						  TIMED(8)

NAME

     timed -- time server daemon

SYNOPSIS

     timed [-dMt] [-F host ...] [-G netgroup] [-i network | -n network]

DESCRIPTION

     The timed utility is a time server daemon which is normally invoked at boot time from the rc(8) file.  It synchronizes the host's time with
     the time of other machines, which are also running timed, in a local area network.  These time servers will slow down the clocks of some
     machines and speed up the clocks of others to bring them to the average network time.  The average network time is computed from measurements
     of clock differences using the ICMP timestamp request message.

     The following options are available:

     -d      Enable debugging mode; do not detach from the terminal.

     -F host ...
	     Create a list of trusted hosts.  The timed utility will only accept trusted hosts as masters.  If it finds an untrusted host claiming
	     to be master, timed will suppress incoming messages from that host and call for a new election.  This option implies the -M option.
	     If this option is not specified, all hosts on the connected networks are treated as trustworthy.

     -G netgroup
	     Specify a netgroup of trustworthy hosts, in addition to any masters specified with the -M flag.  This option may only be specified
	     once.

     -i network
	     Add network to the list of networks to ignore.  All other networks to which the machine is directly connected are used by timed.
	     This option may be specified multiple times to add more than one network to the list.

     -M      Allow this host to become a timed master if necessary.

     -n network
	     Add network to the list of allowed networks.  All other networks to which the machine is directly connected are ignored by timed.
	     This option may be specified multiple times to add more than one network to the list.

     -t      Enable tracing of received messages and log to the file /var/log/timed.log.  Tracing can be turned on or off while timed is running
	     with the timedc(8) utility.

     The -n and -i flags are mutually exclusive and require as arguments real networks to which the host is connected (see networks(5)).  If nei-
     ther flag is specified, timed will listen on all connected networks.

     A timed running without the -M nor -F flags will always remain a slave.  If the -F flag is not used, timed will treat all machines as trust-
     worthy.

     The timed utility is based on a master-slave scheme.  When timed is started on a machine, it asks the master for the network time and sets
     the host's clock to that time.  After that, it accepts synchronization messages periodically sent by the master and calls adjtime(2) to per-
     form the needed corrections on the host's clock.

     It also communicates with date(1) in order to set the date globally, and with timedc(8), a timed control utility.	If the machine running the
     master becomes unreachable, the slaves will elect a new master from among those slaves which are running with at least one of the -M and -F
     flags.

     At startup timed normally checks for a master time server on each network to which it is connected, except as modified by the -n and -i
     options described above.  It will request synchronization service from the first master server located.  If permitted by the -M or -F flags,
     it will provide synchronization service on any attached networks on which no trusted master server was detected.  Such a server propagates
     the time computed by the top-level master.  The timed utility will periodically check for the presence of a master on those networks for
     which it is operating as a slave.	If it finds that there are no trusted masters on a network, it will begin the election process on that
     network.

     One way to synchronize a group of machines is to use ntpd(8) to synchronize the clock of one machine to a distant standard or a radio
     receiver and -F hostname to tell its timed to trust only itself.

     Messages printed by the kernel on the system console occur with interrupts disabled.  This means that the clock stops while they are print-
     ing.  A machine with many disk or network hardware problems and consequent messages cannot keep good time by itself.  Each message typically
     causes the clock to lose a dozen milliseconds.  A time daemon can correct the result.

     Messages in the system log about machines that failed to respond usually indicate machines that crashed or were turned off.  Complaints about
     machines that failed to respond to initial time settings are often associated with ``multi-homed'' machines that looked for time masters on
     more than one network and eventually chose to become a slave on the other network.

WARNINGS

     Temporal chaos will result if two or more time daemons attempt to adjust the same clock.  If both timed and another time daemon are run on
     the same machine, ensure that the -F flag is used, so that timed never attempts to adjust the local clock.

     The protocol is based on UDP/IP broadcasts.  All machines within the range of a broadcast that are using the TSP protocol must cooperate.
     There cannot be more than a single administrative domain using the -F flag among all machines reached by a broadcast packet.  Failure to fol-
     low this rule is usually indicated by complaints concerning ``untrusted'' machines in the system log.

FILES

     /var/log/timed.log        tracing file for timed
     /var/log/timed.masterlog  log file for master timed

SEE ALSO

     date(1), adjtime(2), gettimeofday(2), icmp(4), netgroup(5), networks(5), ntpd(8), timedc(8)

     R. Gusella and S. Zatti, TSP: The Time Synchronization Protocol for UNIX 4.3BSD.

HISTORY

     The timed utility appeared in 4.3BSD.

BSD
								   May 11, 1993 							       BSD