dirname(3) [php man page]

DIRNAME(3)								 1								DIRNAME(3)

dirname - Returns parent directory's path

SYNOPSIS

       string dirname (string  $path)

DESCRIPTION

	Given a string containing the path of a file or directory, this function will return the parent directory's path.

PARAMETERS

	      o $path
		-  A path.  On Windows, both slash ( /) and backslash ( ) are used as directory separator character. In other environments, it is
		the forward slash ( /).

RETURN VALUES

	Returns the path of the parent directory. If there are no slashes in $path, a dot (' .') is returned, indicating  the  current	directory.
       Otherwise, the returned string is $path with any trailing /component removed.

CHANGELOG

       +--------+-------------------------------+
       |Version |				|
       |	|				|
       |	|	   Description		|
       |	|				|
       +--------+-------------------------------+
       | 5.0.0	|				|
       |	|				|
       |	| dirname(3) is now binary safe |
       |	|				|
       +--------+-------------------------------+
EXAMPLES

       Example #1

	      dirname(3) example

	      <?php
	      echo "1) " . dirname("/etc/passwd") . PHP_EOL; // 1) /etc
	      echo "2) " . dirname("/etc/") . PHP_EOL; // 2) / (or  on Windows)
	      echo "3) " . dirname("."); // 3) .
	      ?>

NOTES

       Note

	      dirname(3) operates naively on the input string, and is not aware of the actual filesystem, or path components such as " ..".

       Note

	      dirname(3)  is locale aware, so for it to see the correct directory name with multibyte character paths, the matching locale must be
	      set using the setlocale(3) function.

       Note

	       Since PHP 4.3.0, you will often get a slash or a dot back from dirname(3) in situations where the older	functionality  would  have
	      given you the empty string.

	Check the following change example:

       <?php

       //before PHP 4.3.0
       dirname('c:/'); // returned '.'

       //after PHP 4.3.0
       dirname('c:/x'); // returns 'c:'
       dirname('c:/Temp/x'); // returns 'c:/Temp'
       dirname('/x'); // returns ''

       ?>

SEE ALSO

       basename(3), pathinfo(3), realpath(3).

PHP Documentation Group 														DIRNAME(3)

DIRNAME(3)						     Linux Programmer's Manual							DIRNAME(3)

NAME

       dirname, basename - Parse pathname components

SYNOPSIS

       #include <libgen.h>

       char *dirname(char *path);
       char *basename(char *path);

DESCRIPTION

       The  functions  dirname	and  basename  break a null-terminated pathname string into directory and filename components.	In the usual case,
       dirname returns the string up to, but not including, the final '/', and basename returns the component following the final  '/'.   Trailing
       '/' characters are not counted as part of the pathname.

       If  path  does  not contain a slash, dirname returns the string "." while basename returns a copy of path.  If path is the string "/", then
       both dirname and basename return the string "/".  If path is a NULL pointer or points to an empty string, then both  dirname  and  basename
       return the string ".".

       Concatenating the string returned by dirname, a "/", and the string returned by basename yields a complete pathname.

       Both dirname and basename may modify the contents of path, so if you need to preserve the pathname string, copies should be passed to these
       functions.  Furthermore, dirname and basename may return pointers to statically allocated memory which may  be  overwritten  by	subsequent
       calls.

       The following list of examples (taken from SUSv2) shows the strings returned by dirname and basename for different paths:

       path	      dirname	     basename
       "/usr/lib"     "/usr"	     "lib"
       "/usr/"	      "/"	     "usr"
       "usr"	      "."	     "usr"
       "/"	      "/"	     "/"
       "."	      "."	     "."
       ".."	      "."	     ".."

EXAMPLE

       char *dirc, *basec, *bname, *dname;
       char *path = "/etc/passwd";

       dirc = strdup(path);
       basec = strdup(path);
       dname = dirname(dirc);
       bname = basename(basec);
       printf("dirname=%s, basename=%s
", dname, bname);
       free(dirc);
       free(basec);

RETURN VALUE

       Both dirname and basename return pointers to null-terminated strings.

BUGS

       In  versions  of glibc up to and including 2.2.1, dirname does not correctly handle pathnames with trailing '/' characters, and generates a
       segmentation violation if given a NULL argument.

CONFORMING TO

       SUSv2

SEE ALSO

       dirname(1), basename(1),

GNU
								    2000-12-14								DIRNAME(3)