SEMGET(2)						     Linux Programmer's Manual							 SEMGET(2)

NAME

       semget - get a semaphore set identifier

SYNOPSIS

       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <sys/ipc.h>
       #include <sys/sem.h>

       int semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);

DESCRIPTION

       The  semget()  system call returns the semaphore set identifier associated with the argument key.  A new set of nsems semaphores is created
       if key has the value IPC_PRIVATE or if no existing semaphore set is associated with key and IPC_CREAT is specified in semflg.

       If semflg specifies both IPC_CREAT and IPC_EXCL and a semaphore set already exists for key, then semget() fails with errno set  to  EEXIST.
       (This is analogous to the effect of the combination O_CREAT | O_EXCL for open(2).)

       Upon  creation,	the least significant 9 bits of the argument semflg define the permissions (for owner, group and others) for the semaphore
       set.  These bits have the same format, and the same meaning, as the mode argument of open(2) (though the execute permissions are not  mean-
       ingful for semaphores, and write permissions mean permission to alter semaphore values).

       The  values  of	the  semaphores in a newly created set are indeterminate.  (POSIX.1-2001 is explicit on this point.)  Although Linux, like
       many other implementations, initializes the semaphore values to 0, a portable application cannot rely on this: it  should  explicitly  ini-
       tialize the semaphores to the desired values.

       When creating a new semaphore set, semget() initializes the set's associated data structure, semid_ds (see semctl(2)), as follows:

	      sem_perm.cuid and sem_perm.uid are set to the effective user ID of the calling process.

	      sem_perm.cgid and sem_perm.gid are set to the effective group ID of the calling process.

	      The least significant 9 bits of sem_perm.mode are set to the least significant 9 bits of semflg.

	      sem_nsems is set to the value of nsems.

	      sem_otime is set to 0.

	      sem_ctime is set to the current time.

       The argument nsems can be 0 (a don't care) when a semaphore set is not being created.  Otherwise nsems must be greater than 0 and less than
       or equal to the maximum number of semaphores per semaphore set (SEMMSL).

       If the semaphore set already exists, the permissions are verified.

RETURN VALUE

       If successful, the return value will be the semaphore set identifier (a nonnegative integer), otherwise -1 is returned, with errno indicat-
       ing the error.

ERRORS

       On failure errno will be set to one of the following:

       EACCES A  semaphore  set  exists  for  key,  but  the  calling  process	does  not have permission to access the set, and does not have the
	      CAP_IPC_OWNER capability.

       EEXIST A semaphore set exists for key and semflg specified both IPC_CREAT and IPC_EXCL.

       EINVAL nsems is less than 0 or greater than the limit on the number of semaphores per semaphore set (SEMMSL), or  a  semaphore  set  corre-
	      sponding to key already exists, and nsems is larger than the number of semaphores in that set.

       ENOENT No semaphore set exists for key and semflg did not specify IPC_CREAT.

       ENOMEM A semaphore set has to be created but the system does not have enough memory for the new data structure.

       ENOSPC A semaphore set has to be created but the system limit for the maximum number of semaphore sets (SEMMNI), or the system wide maximum
	      number of semaphores (SEMMNS), would be exceeded.

CONFORMING TO

       SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.

NOTES

       IPC_PRIVATE isn't a flag field but a key_t type.  If this special value is used for key, the system call ignores everything but	the  least
       significant 9 bits of semflg and creates a new semaphore set (on success).

       The following limits on semaphore set resources affect the semget() call:

       SEMMNI System  wide  maximum number of semaphore sets: policy dependent (on Linux, this limit can be read and modified via the fourth field
	      of /proc/sys/kernel/sem).

       SEMMSL Maximum number of semaphores per semid: implementation dependent (on Linux, this limit can be read and modified via the first  field
	      of /proc/sys/kernel/sem).

       SEMMNS System  wide  maximum  number of semaphores: policy dependent (on Linux, this limit can be read and modified via the second field of
	      /proc/sys/kernel/sem).  Values greater than SEMMSL * SEMMNI makes it irrelevant.

BUGS

       The name choice IPC_PRIVATE was perhaps unfortunate, IPC_NEW would more clearly show its function.

       The semaphores in a set are not initialized by semget().  In order to initialize the semaphores, semctl(2) must be used to perform a SETVAL
       or  a SETALL operation on the semaphore set.  (Where multiple peers do not know who will be the first to initialize the set, checking for a
       nonzero sem_otime in the associated data structure retrieved by a semctl(2) IPC_STAT operation can be used to avoid races.)

SEE ALSO

       semctl(2), semop(2), ftok(3), capabilities(7), sem_overview(7), svipc(7)

COLOPHON

       This page is part of release 3.27 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs,  can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux								    2004-05-27								 SEMGET(2)