01-17-2001
Computers communcate cross-platform because they support a common (standard) network-protocol. In the case of the systems you mention, only TCP/IP is required to interoperate (provided you have them physically connected using standard link-layer protocols
. There are myriad applications that run on top of TCP/IP based on your processing requirements.
[Edited by Neo on 01-17-2001 at 09:07 PM]
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LEARN ABOUT OPENDARWIN
udp
UDP(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual UDP(4)
NAME
udp -- Internet User Datagram Protocol
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
int
socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
DESCRIPTION
UDP is a simple, unreliable datagram protocol which is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM abstraction for the Internet protocol family. UDP
sockets are connectionless, and are normally used with the sendto and recvfrom calls, though the connect(2) call may also be used to fix the
destination for future packets (in which case the recv(2) or read(2) and send(2) or write(2) system calls may be used).
UDP address formats are identical to those used by TCP. In particular UDP provides a port identifier in addition to the normal Internet
address format. Note that the UDP port space is separate from the TCP port space (i.e. a UDP port may not be ``connected'' to a TCP port).
In addition broadcast packets may be sent (assuming the underlying network supports this) by using a reserved ``broadcast address''; this
address is network interface dependent.
Options at the IP transport level may be used with UDP; see ip(4).
DIAGNOSTICS
A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
[EISCONN] when trying to establish a connection on a socket which already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destina-
tion address specified and the socket is already connected;
[ENOTCONN] when trying to send a datagram, but no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been connected;
[ENOBUFS] when the system runs out of memory for an internal data structure;
[EADDRINUSE] when an attempt is made to create a socket with a port which has already been allocated;
[EADDRNOTAVAIL] when an attempt is made to create a socket with a network address for which no network interface exists.
SEE ALSO
getsockopt(2), recv(2), send(2), socket(2), intro(4), inet(4), ip(4)
HISTORY
The udp protocol appeared in 4.2BSD.
4.2 Berkeley Distribution June 5, 1993 4.2 Berkeley Distribution