STRTOL(3)						     Linux Programmer's Manual							 STRTOL(3)

NAME

       strtol, strtoll, strtoq - convert a string to a long integer.

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       long int
       strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

       long long int
       strtoll(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION

       The  strtol()  function	converts the initial part of the string in nptr to a long integer value according to the given base, which must be
       between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

       The string must begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `+' or `-'  sign.
       If  base  is zero or 16, the string may then include a `0x' prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken
       as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).

       The remainder of the string is converted to a long int value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is  not  a  valid
       digit  in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the letter `A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, `B' represents 11, and so forth,
       with `Z' representing 35.)

       If endptr is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr.  If there were no	digits	at  all,  strtol()
       stores  the  original  value  of  nptr in *endptr (and returns 0).  In particular, if *nptr is not `' but **endptr is `' on return, the
       entire string is valid.

       The strtoll() function works just like the strtol() function but returns a long long integer value.

RETURN VALUE

       The strtol() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the value would underflow or overflow.  If an underflow occurs, strtol()
       returns	LONG_MIN.  If an overflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MAX.  In both cases, errno is set to ERANGE.  Precisely the same holds for
       strtoll() (with LLONG_MIN and LLONG_MAX instead of LONG_MIN and LONG_MAX).

ERRORS

       ERANGE The resulting value was out of range.

       EINVAL (not in C99) The given base contains an unsupported value.

       The implementation may also set errno to EINVAL in case no conversion was performed (no digits seen, and 0 returned).

NOTES

       In locales other than the "C" locale, also other strings may be accepted.  (For example, the thousands separator of the current locale  may
       be supported.)

       BSD also has

	   quad_t
	   strtoq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

       with  completely  analogous  definition.   Depending on the wordsize of the current architecture, this may be equivalent to strtoll() or to
       strtol().

CONFORMING TO

       strtol() conforms to SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899 (C99) and POSIX, and strtoll() to ISO 9899 (C99) and POSIX-2001.

SEE ALSO

       atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtoul(3)

GNU
								    2002-05-30								 STRTOL(3)