STRTOL(3)						   BSD Library Functions Manual 						 STRTOL(3)

NAME

     strtol, strtoll, strtoimax, strtoq -- convert a string value to a long, long long, intmax_t or quad_t integer

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     long
     strtol(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     long long
     strtoll(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     #include <inttypes.h>

     intmax_t
     strtoimax(const char * restrict nptr, char ** restrict endptr, int base);

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     quad_t
     strtoq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION

     The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long value.  The strtoll() function converts the string in nptr to a long long value.
     The strtoimax() function converts the string in nptr to an intmax_t value.  The strtoq() function converts the string in nptr to a quad_t
     value.  The conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

     The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional '+' or '-' sign.	If
     base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ``0x'' prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as
     10 (decimal) unless the next character is '0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).

     The remainder of the string is converted to a long, long long, intmax_t or quad_t value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first charac-
     ter which is not a valid digit in the given base.	(In bases above 10, the letter 'A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, 'B' repre-
     sents 11, and so forth, with 'Z' representing 35.)

     If endptr is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr.  If there were no digits at all, however,
     strtol() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr.  (Thus, if *nptr is not '' but **endptr is '' on return, the entire string was
     valid.)

RETURN VALUES

     The strtol(), strtoll(), strtoimax() and strtoq() functions return the result of the conversion, unless the value would underflow or over-
     flow.  If no conversion could be performed, 0 is returned and the global variable errno is set to EINVAL (the last feature is not portable
     across all platforms).  If an overflow or underflow occurs, errno is set to ERANGE and the function return value is clamped according to the
     following table.

	   Function	  underflow    overflow
	   strtol()	  LONG_MIN     LONG_MAX
	   strtoll()	  LLONG_MIN    LLONG_MAX
	   strtoimax()	  INTMAX_MIN   INTMAX_MAX
	   strtoq()	  LLONG_MIN    LLONG_MAX

ERRORS

     [EINVAL]		The value of base is not supported or no conversion could be performed (the last feature is not portable across all plat-
			forms).

     [ERANGE]		The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.

SEE ALSO

     atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtonum(3), strtoul(3), wcstol(3)

STANDARDS

     The strtol() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (``ISO C90'').  The strtoll() and strtoimax() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999
     (``ISO C99'').  The BSD strtoq() function is deprecated.

BSD
								 November 28, 2001							       BSD