OD(1)							    BSD General Commands Manual 						     OD(1)

NAME

     od -- octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump

SYNOPSIS

     od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx] [-A base] [-j skip] [-N length] [-t type] [[+]offset[.][Bb]] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION

     The od utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or standard input if no files are specified, in a user specified format.

     The options are as follows:

     -A base	 Specify the input address base.  base may be one of d, o, x or n, which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal addresses or no
		 address, respectively.

     -a 	 Output named characters.  Equivalent to -t a.

     -B, -o	 Output octal shorts.  Equivalent to -t o2.

     -b 	 Output octal bytes.  Equivalent to -t o1.

     -c 	 Output C-style escaped characters.  Equivalent to -t c.

     -D 	 Output unsigned decimal ints.	Equivalent to -t u4.

     -e, -F	 Output double-precision floating point numbers.  Equivalent to -t fD.

     -f 	 Output single-precision floating point numbers.  Equivalent to -t fF.

     -H, -X	 Output hexadecimal ints.  Equivalent to -t x4.

     -h, -x	 Output hexadecimal shorts.  Equivalent to -t x2.

     -I, -L, -l  Output signed decimal longs.  Equivalent to -t dL.

     -i 	 Output signed decimal ints.  Equivalent to -t dI.

     -j skip	 Skip skip bytes of the combined input before dumping.	The number may be followed by one of b, k or m which specify the units of
		 the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and megabytes, respectively.

     -N length	 Dump at most length bytes of input.

     -O 	 Output octal ints.  Equivalent to -t o4.

     -s 	 Output signed decimal shorts.	Equivalent to -t d2.

     -t type	 Specify the output format.  type is a string containing one or more of the following kinds of type specifiers:

		 a	 Named characters (ASCII).  Control characters are displayed using the following names:

			 000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ
			 006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS  009 HT  00a NL  00b VT
			 00c FF  00d CR  00e SO  00f SI  010 DLE 011 DC1
			 012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB
			 018 CAN 019 EM  01a SUB 01b ESC 01c FS  01d GS
			 01e RS  01f US  020 SP  0ff DEL

		 c	 Characters in the default character set.  Non-printing characters are represented as 3-digit octal character codes,
			 except the following characters, which are represented as C escapes:

			 NUL		  
			 alert		  a
			 backspace	  
			 newline	  

			 carriage-return  
			 tab		  	
			 vertical tab	  v

			 Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area corresponding to the first byte of the character. The remaining bytes are
			 shown as '**'.

		 [d|o|u|x][C|S|I|L|n]
			 Signed decimal (d), octal (o), unsigned decimal (u) or hexadecimal (x).  Followed by an optional size specifier, which
			 may be either C (char), S (short), I (int), L (long), or a byte count as a decimal integer.

		 f[F|D|L|n]
			 Floating-point number.  Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either F (float), D (double) or L (long
			 double).

     -v 	 Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of duplicate values with a '*'.

     Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will contain one line for each format.

     If no output format is specified, -t oS is assumed.

ENVIRONMENT

     The LANG, LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE environment variables affect the execution of od as described in environ(7).

DIAGNOSTICS

     The od utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

COMPATIBILITY

     The traditional -s option to extract string constants is not supported; consider using strings(1) instead.

SEE ALSO

     hexdump(1), strings(1)

STANDARDS

     The od utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'').

HISTORY

     An od command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

BSD
								   July 11, 2004							       BSD