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Top Forums UNIX for Beginners Questions & Answers UNIX Environment Setup - (Just starting!) Post 303036483 by bakunin on Friday 28th of June 2019 11:33:19 AM
Old 06-28-2019
First off: thanks for the praise. I am sure most of the others would have told you the same, i was probably just the one typing the fastest. ;-)
A few (unsorted) extra points and clarifications:

- reading man pages
This is an extremely helpful skill, because man pages are a treasure trove of information, unfortunately written in a style that needs getting used to. I guarantee you that you will for the first three months wonder why everybody is emphasizing them. For the rest of your life, though, you will wonder how you could get so old without having had access to them. They are, essentially, a reference: you find everything there if you know what you search for. I consult them several dozens of times every day (there is absolutely no shame in knowing where to search) and you will do the same (like everybody else working on a UNIX system does).

- regular expressions
Basically they are specialised mini-languages to describe text patterns. Notice, that there are several flavors of them and you don't know all the differences but you should - from the beginning - be aware that there these flavors. Since they work the same in different tools (grep: BRE, awk: ERE, sed: BRE, egrep/"grep -e": ERE, ...) learning them makes you learn several essential tools at once. Have a look at the "Shell scripting" forum and you will notice that two out of three (if not even more) threads deal with the mentioned tools.

Finally, my personal book recommendations:

"sed & awk" by Dale Dougherty, published at O'Reilly
"Hand-On Korn Shell 93 Programming" by Barry Rosenberg (perhaps the funniest and wittiest computer book i ever had the pleasure to read)
"The AIX Survival Guide" by Andreas Siegert is a bit aged, but it still sits on my work desk daily if that means anything. I have three copies of it and every bit of spare space filled with annotations by me. Two copies are so worn down i bought a third one for daily use just to make them last longer.

I hope this helps.

bakunin
 

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GREP(1) 						      General Commands Manual							   GREP(1)

NAME
grep, egrep, fgrep - search a file for a pattern SYNOPSIS
grep [ option ] ... expression [ file ] ... egrep [ option ] ... [ expression ] [ file ] ... fgrep [ option ] ... [ strings ] [ file ] DESCRIPTION
Commands of the grep family search the input files (standard input default) for lines matching a pattern. Normally, each line found is copied to the standard output. Grep patterns are limited regular expressions in the style of ex(1); it uses a compact nondeterministic algorithm. Egrep patterns are full regular expressions; it uses a fast deterministic algorithm that sometimes needs exponential space. Fgrep patterns are fixed strings; it is fast and compact. The following options are recognized. -v All lines but those matching are printed. -x (Exact) only lines matched in their entirety are printed (fgrep only). -c Only a count of matching lines is printed. -l The names of files with matching lines are listed (once) separated by newlines. -n Each line is preceded by its relative line number in the file. -b Each line is preceded by the block number on which it was found. This is sometimes useful in locating disk block numbers by con- text. -i The case of letters is ignored in making comparisons -- that is, upper and lower case are considered identical. This applies to grep and fgrep only. -s Silent mode. Nothing is printed (except error messages). This is useful for checking the error status. -w The expression is searched for as a word (as if surrounded by `<' and `>', see ex(1).) (grep only) -e expression Same as a simple expression argument, but useful when the expression begins with a -. -f file The regular expression (egrep) or string list (fgrep) is taken from the file. In all cases the file name is shown if there is more than one input file. Care should be taken when using the characters $ * [ ^ | ( ) and in the expression as they are also meaningful to the Shell. It is safest to enclose the entire expression argument in single quotes ' '. Fgrep searches for lines that contain one of the (newline-separated) strings. Egrep accepts extended regular expressions. In the following description `character' excludes newline: A followed by a single character other than newline matches that character. The character ^ matches the beginning of a line. The character $ matches the end of a line. A . (period) matches any character. A single character not otherwise endowed with special meaning matches that character. A string enclosed in brackets [] matches any single character from the string. Ranges of ASCII character codes may be abbreviated as in `a-z0-9'. A ] may occur only as the first character of the string. A literal - must be placed where it can't be mistaken as a range indicator. A regular expression followed by an * (asterisk) matches a sequence of 0 or more matches of the regular expression. A regular expression followed by a + (plus) matches a sequence of 1 or more matches of the regular expression. A regular expression followed by a ? (question mark) matches a sequence of 0 or 1 matches of the regular expression. Two regular expressions concatenated match a match of the first followed by a match of the second. Two regular expressions separated by | or newline match either a match for the first or a match for the second. A regular expression enclosed in parentheses matches a match for the regular expression. The order of precedence of operators at the same parenthesis level is [] then *+? then concatenation then | and newline. Ideally there should be only one grep, but we don't know a single algorithm that spans a wide enough range of space-time tradeoffs. SEE ALSO
ex(1), sed(1), sh(1) DIAGNOSTICS
Exit status is 0 if any matches are found, 1 if none, 2 for syntax errors or inaccessible files. BUGS
Lines are limited to 256 characters; longer lines are truncated. 4th Berkeley Distribution April 29, 1985 GREP(1)
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