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Full Discussion: Linux Changing Run Levels
Operating Systems Linux Debian Linux Changing Run Levels Post 302985771 by hicksd8 on Tuesday 15th of November 2016 04:41:17 AM
Old 11-15-2016
The bug in your system is that you don't have a /etc/inittab file. As far as I'm aware this file is always created at installation and the most you might do is edit it. Creating one from scratch is laborious and needs in-depth knowledge of exactly how you want the system to behave.

A typical Debian (Squeeze) inittab file looks like this:

Code:
 
 # /etc/inittab: init(8) configuration.
# $Id: inittab,v 1.91 2002/01/25 13:35:21 miquels Exp $

# The default runlevel.
id:2:initdefault:

# Boot-time system configuration/initialization script.
# This is run first except when booting in emergency (-b) mode.
si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

# What to do in single-user mode.
~~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin

# /etc/init.d executes the S and K scripts upon change
# of runlevel.
#
# Runlevel 0 is halt.
# Runlevel 1 is single-user.
# Runlevels 2-5 are multi-user.
# Runlevel 6 is reboot.

l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0
l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6
# Normally not reached, but fallthrough in case of emergency.
z6:6:respawn:/sbin/sulogin

# What to do when CTRL-ALT-DEL is pressed.
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

# Action on special keypress (ALT-UpArrow).
#kb::kbrequest:/bin/echo "Keyboard Request--edit /etc/inittab to let this work."

# What to do when the power fails/returns.
pf:powerwait:/etc/init.d/powerfail start
pn:powerfailnow:/etc/init.d/powerfail now
po:powerokwait:/etc/init.d/powerfail stop

# /sbin/getty invocations for the runlevels.
#
# The "id" field MUST be the same as the last
# characters of the device (after "tty").
#
# Format:
# <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
#
# Note that on most Debian systems tty7 is used by the X Window System,
# so if you want to add more getty's go ahead but skip tty7 if you run X.
#
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2
3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3
4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6

# Example how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
#
#T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
#T1:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100

# Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
#
#T3:23:respawn:/sbin/mgetty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS3

I suggest you try injecting the above into your inittab at least down to the comment line "# Normally not reached" even if you don't copy the rest. That might restore some resemblance of normality.

Obviously, this whole mechanism is surrounded by security. You couldn't allow an ordinary user to use 'init' to change run levels; only root can do that. Also, why would an ordinary user want to know the runlevel of the system? If they are allowed to read inittab they certainly wouldn't be allowed to write to it. So there may be a simple explanation why 'who -r' doesn't work properly for a non-root user.
 

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latsetup(8)						      System Manager's Manual						       latsetup(8)

NAME
latsetup - Local Area Transport (LAT) setup utility SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/latsetup [-nocurses] OPTIONS
Specifies that latsetup is run in noncurses and nonmenu-driven mode. Use this option if the terminal you are using does not support curses. Note that using the latsetup command with the -nocurses option provides limited functionality. DESCRIPTION
The latsetup command provides an interactive, menu-driven facility for administrating LAT on your system. (For introductory information on LAT, see the lat_intro(7) reference page.) To use latsetup, LAT must be built into the running kernel, your system must be at run level 3 or 4, and you must be logged in as supe- ruser. For more information, see the Network Administration manual. Note Running multiple latsetup processes concurrently on the same machine can cause erroneous information to be presented to the latsetup user and can corrupt the /etc/inittab file. You can use the latsetup utility to perform the following tasks: Do initial LAT setup Create LAT device special files Add or delete getty entries to or from the /etc/inittab file Execute init q Start or stop the LAT driver Enable or disable LAT automatic startup and shutdown If LAT is not configured into the running kernel, latsetup only allows you to remove the LAT entries from the /etc/inittab file. If you enable LAT automatic startup and shutdown, the /sbin/init.d/lat script starts LAT upon reaching run level 3 and stops LAT upon leav- ing run level 3. To run latsetup, log in as superuser and enter the following command: # /usr/sbin/latsetup Note LAT is not supported over NetRAIN virtual interfaces or the adapters that compose NetRAIN sets. The latsetup utility does not allow you to configure LAT over these interfaces, and you should not attempt to do so manually. In the device creation phase, you choose to create SVR4-style or BSD-style devices. (For an explanation of the types of devices, see the Network Administration manual.) You should use SVR4-style devices; they allow a larger number of devices. If you create SVR4 devices using latsetup, and an SVR4 device was mapped as an application port and the device was removed, the port (or service) information remains associated with the minor number corresponding to the device that was removed. Therefore, when latsetup cre- ates more devices, it may create the device that was mapped as an application port (if the device name is within the range of SVR4 devices being created). The latsetup utility does not add a getty entry for the device in the /etc/inittab file. This device is not counted as a newly created SVR4 device, because it is already being used as an application port. If you delete SVR4 devices using latsetup, and an SVR4 device was mapped as an application port and has an associated getty entry in the inittab file, if the device name is within the range of SVR4 devices being removed, latsetup removes the associated getty entry in the /etc/inittab file. When removing SVR4 devices, latsetup does not remove the device, because it is mapped as an application port. This device is not counted as an SVR4 device that has been removed. Note The latsetup utility creates device names that directly correspond to minor numbers (for example, SVR4 device /dev/lat/620 corresponds to minor number 620). Customization After you run latsetup, you can customize your system's LAT environment by modifying the following files: /etc/inittab Edit the /etc/inittab file to add any LAT entries. For example, you can add an entry for the LAT/Telnet gateway. For more informa- tion refer to the guide to Network Administration and inittab(4). Note If you delete entries in the /etc/inittab file and then run latsetup to make other changes or deletions, latsetup might not be able to complete successfully. /etc/latstartup.conf Create and modify the /etc/latstartup.conf file to include latcp commands to customize your LAT system. This file is read by the /sbin/init.d/lat script, which executes the commands included in the file. For example, you can change the LAT node name or add additional service names. If your system is a member of a cluster, you must create this file as a Context-Dependent Symbolic Link (CDSL). See the System Administration guide for more information. For more information refer to the guide to Network Administration and latcp(8). FILES
Specifies the BSD LAT terminal devices. (Where W is a number from 0 to 9 and X is an alphanumeric character from 0 to 9, a lowercase a to z, or an uppercase A to Z.) LAT supports up to 620 BSD LAT terminal devices. Specifies the SVR4 LAT device special files. (Where n is a number starting at 620 and having no upper limit.) Specifies the LAT control device. Specifies the LAT startup and shutdown script. Specifies LAT customization commands. If your system is a member of a cluster, you must create this file as a Context-Dependent Symbolic Link (CDSL). See the System Administration guide for more information. Sets up the system database to automatically push the ldterm STREAMS module on top of the LAT STREAMS driver each time a LAT tty is opened. Controls the initialization process. Specifies the system configuration file. SEE ALSO
Commands: llogin(1), init(8), latcp(8), MAKEDEV(8), strsetup(8) Files: inittab(4) Introduction: lat_intro(7), lat_manual_setup(7) Network Administration latsetup(8)
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