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Full Discussion: Script to replace last instance of . between two consecutive = sign by ,
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Script to replace last instance of . between two consecutive = sign by , Post 302590631 by Skrynesaver on Tuesday 17th of January 2012 04:30:34 AM
Old 01-17-2012
The command simply tests the sed script by echoing the string through it.
Code:
echo "cn=user.blr.ou=blr.india.o=company" | sed 's/\.\([a-zA-Z]\+=\)/,\1/g'

So, taking a look at the sed substitution command:
sed invoke the stream editor, sed.
's/ prevent the shell interpreting anything with the single quote and invoke a substitution of everything between the first / slashes with what's between the second / slashes.
\. a literal dot character (un-escaped . matches any character)
\( begin a capture group, everything between the escaped parenthesis is stored as \1 (subsequent parenthesised groups would be saved as \2 etc...)
[a-zA-Z] any letter between a and z or A and Z (ie a letter of any case), the [ ] is known as a range and the expression will match any character in this range
\+= match the previous token (the range) more than once followed by a literal "="
\)/ End capture group and end expression to be substituted and begin expression to replace it with.
,\1 a comma and the group we captured in the LHS of the substitution.
/g end of substitution expression and global modifier so that this is done throughout the string.

The Linux documentation project has a sed primer available
 

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LEARN ABOUT LINUX

shtool-subst

SHTOOL-SUBST.TMP(1)					      GNU Portable Shell Tool					       SHTOOL-SUBST.TMP(1)

NAME

       shtool-subst - GNU shtool sed(1) substitution operations

SYNOPSIS

       shtool subst [-v|--verbose] [-t|--trace] [-n|--nop] [-w|--warning] [-q|--quiet] [-s|--stealth] [-i|--interactive] [-b|--backup ext]
       [-e|--exec cmd] [-f|--file cmd-file] [file] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION

       This command applies one or more sed(1) substitution operations to stdin or any number of files.

OPTIONS

       The following command line options are available.

       -v, --verbose
	   Display some processing information.

       -t, --trace
	   Enable the output of the essential shell commands which are executed.

       -n, --nop
	   No operation mode. Actual execution of the essential shell commands which would be executed is suppressed.

       -w, --warning
	   Show warning on substitution operation resulting in no content change on every file. The default is to show a warning on substitution
	   operations resulted in no content change on all files.

       -q, --quiet
	   Suppress warning on substitution operation resulting in no content change.

       -s, --stealth
	   Stealth operation. Preserve timestamp on file.

       -i, --interactive
	   Enter interactive mode where the user has to approve each operation.

       -b, --backup ext
	   Preserve backup of original file using file name extension ext.  Default is to overwrite the original file.

       -e, --exec cmd
	   Specify sed(1) command directly.

       -f, --file cmd-file
	   Read sed(1) command from file.

EXAMPLE

	#   shell script
	shtool subst -i -e 's;(c) ([0-9]*)-2000;(c) 1-2001;' *.[ch]

	#    RPM spec-file
	%install
	    shtool subst -v -n 
		-e 's;^(prefix=).*;1 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_prefix};g' 
		-e 's;^(sysconfdir=).*;1 $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{_prefix}/etc;g' 
		`find . -name Makefile -print`
	    make install

HISTORY

       The GNU shtool subst command was originally written by Ralf S.  Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> in 2001 for GNU shtool.  It was prompted
       by the need to have a uniform and convenient patching frontend to sed(1) operations in the OpenPKG package specifications.

SEE ALSO

       shtool(1), sed(1).

18-Jul-2008							   shtool 2.0.8 					       SHTOOL-SUBST.TMP(1)
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