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Operating Systems Solaris Multiple Backups to USB 1TB Drives using dd Post 302548277 by orange47 on Thursday 18th of August 2011 02:50:05 AM
Old 08-18-2011
hm, USB is not so reliable. I have had problems with it in past. but then again it was with USB1 flash ram. a single bit errors were common. USB2 with external power is another thing, but I'd still check it with md5sum to be sure (for eg. by putting it after dd and before gzip).

ufsdump would obviously produce smaller file.
are you using dd to dump the whole thing, including swap slice?
if so, you could reduce the backup by zeroing the swap first, just don't forget to skip the partition table like this:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/dsk/c0t1d0s1 bs=256k oseek=1

you would also get further space saving by wiping free space, cat is faster with that:
cat /dev/zero >delete_me

to be extra safe, I'd do that cleaning after having first backup. or do it on dd image files later with qemu or something.

oh, and it might be a good idea to defragment the image, too.

all that would be unnecessary with ufsdump, but dd has its advantages.
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cmdk(7D)							      Devices								  cmdk(7D)

NAME
cmdk - common disk driver SYNOPSIS
cmdk@target, lun : [ partition | slice ] DESCRIPTION
The cmdk device driver is a common interface to various disk devices. The driver supports magnetic fixed disks and magnetic removable disks. The block-files access the disk using the system's normal buffering mechanism and are read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a "raw" interface that provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A sin- gle read or write call usually results in one I/O operation; raw I/O is therefore considerably more efficient when many bytes are transmit- ted. The names of the block files are found in /dev/dsk; the names of the raw files are found in /dev/rdsk. I/O requests to the magnetic disk must have an offset and transfer length that is a multiple of 512 bytes or the driver returns an EINVAL error. Slice 0 is normally used for the root file system on a disk, slice 1 as a paging area (for example, swap), and slice 2 for backing up the entire fdisk partition for Solaris software. Other slices may be used for usr file systems or system reserved area. Fdisk partition 0 is to access the entire disk and is generally used by the fdisk(1M) program. FILES
/dev/dsk/cndn[s|p]n block device (IDE) /dev/rdsk/cndn[s|p]n raw device (IDE) where: cn controller n dn lun n (0-7) sn UNIX system slice n (0-15) pn fdisk partition(0) /kernel/drv/cmdk 32-bit kernel module. /kernel/drv/amd64/cmdk 64-bit kernel module. ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Architecture |x86 | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ SEE ALSO
fdisk(1M), mount(1M), lseek(2), read(2), write(2), readdir(3C), scsi(4), vfstab(4), attributes(5), dkio(7I) SunOS 5.10 9 Oct 2004 cmdk(7D)
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