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Full Discussion: questions to a special ls
Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers questions to a special ls Post 302346645 by TonyFullerMalv on Sunday 23rd of August 2009 04:19:40 PM
Old 08-23-2009
The code:
Code:
ls |

is sending the output of the ls command onto the next command's input (stdin) rather than to the display.
The:
Code:
\

causes the shell to treat the following line as it it was on the same line, e.g.:
Code:
ls | \
more

is the same as:
Code:
ls | more

The line:
Code:
while IFS= read filename

causes each filename from the ls command to be used to set the variable ${filename} which can then be used in the code between the "do" and "done". The "IFS=" sets the separator character that is used to differentiate between one filename and the next.
If the separator is taken to be a space then the following would do the same but by replacing spaces with commas and then using a comma as the separator:
Code:
$ ls | sed -e 's/ /,/g' | while IFS="," read filename; do echo FILENAME = $filename; done

 

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merge_fonts(3alleg4)						  Allegro manual					      merge_fonts(3alleg4)

NAME
merge_fonts - Merges two fonts into one font. Allegro game programming library. SYNOPSIS
#include <allegro.h> FONT *merge_fonts(FONT *f1, FONT *f2) DESCRIPTION
This function merges the character ranges from two fonts and returns a new font containing all characters in the old fonts. In general, you cannot merge fonts of different types (eg, TrueType fonts and bitmapped fonts), but as a special case, this function can promote a mono- chrome bitmapped font to a color font and merge those. Example: FONT *myfont; FONT *myfancy_font; FONT *lower_range; FONT *upper_range; FONT *capitals; FONT *combined_font; FONT *tempfont; ... /* Create a font that contains the capitals from */ /* the fancy font but other characters from myfont */ lower_range = extract_font_range(myfont, -1, 'A'-1); upper_range = extract_font_range(myfont, 'Z'+1, -1); capitals = extract_font_range(myfancy_font, 'A', 'Z'); tempfont = merge_fonts(lower_range, capitals); combined_font = merge_fonts(tempfont, upper_range); /* Clean up temporary fonts */ destroy_font(lower_range); destroy_font(upper_range); destroy_font(capitals); destroy_font(tempfont); RETURN VALUE
Returns a pointer to the new font or NULL on error. Remember that you are responsible for destroying the font when you are finished with it to avoid memory leaks. SEE ALSO
extract_font_range(3alleg4), is_trans_font(3alleg4), is_color_font(3alleg4), is_mono_font(3alleg4), exfont(3alleg4) Allegro version 4.4.2 merge_fonts(3alleg4)
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