05-20-2008
Awk - Working with fixed length files
OK I am somewhat new to UNIX programming please see what you can do to help.
I have a flat file that is a fixed length file containing different records based on the 1st character of each line. The 1st number at the beginning of the line is the record number, in this case it's record #1.
I need a slick way to change what's in columns 375-389 (currently: 200607211838001) with the 8 byte date, followed by the julian date followed by a 4 digit incremented sequence number (date +%Y%m%d%j$$$$) example: 200805201410001
Before:
1............................200607211838001..............................
2..................................................................................
1............................200607211838001..............................
2..................................................................................
1............................200607211838001..............................
2..................................................................................
1............................200607211838001..............................
After:
1............................200805201410001..............................
2..................................................................................
1............................200805201410002..............................
2..................................................................................
1............................200805201410003..............................
2..................................................................................
1............................200805201410004..............................
I tried this and this does not work because it's stomping over itself in the loop and setting everything to the last incremented value:
z=0
cat ${file}|grep ^1|while read n
do
z=$(( ${z} + 1 ))
z=`awk 'BEGIN {printf("%0.4d\n", '${z}' )}'`
trans=`date +%Y%m%d%j${z}`
awk '{x=1;if (substr($0,1,1)==x ) print substr($0,1,374) "'"${trans}"'" substr($0,390)} {if (substr($0,1,1)!=x ) print }' ${1} > ${1}.new;mv ${1}.new ${1}
done
Again any help would be greatly appreciated.
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bytes(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide bytes(3pm)
NAME
bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics
NOTICE
This pragma reflects early attempts to incorporate Unicode into perl and has since been superseded. It breaks encapsulation (i.e. it
exposes the innards of how the perl executable currently happens to store a string), and use of this module for anything other than
debugging purposes is strongly discouraged. If you feel that the functions here within might be useful for your application, this possibly
indicates a mismatch between your mental model of Perl Unicode and the current reality. In that case, you may wish to read some of the perl
Unicode documentation: perluniintro, perlunitut, perlunifaq and perlunicode.
SYNOPSIS
use bytes;
... chr(...); # or bytes::chr
... index(...); # or bytes::index
... length(...); # or bytes::length
... ord(...); # or bytes::ord
... rindex(...); # or bytes::rindex
... substr(...); # or bytes::substr
no bytes;
DESCRIPTION
The "use bytes" pragma disables character semantics for the rest of the lexical scope in which it appears. "no bytes" can be used to
reverse the effect of "use bytes" within the current lexical scope.
Perl normally assumes character semantics in the presence of character data (i.e. data that has come from a source that has been marked as
being of a particular character encoding). When "use bytes" is in effect, the encoding is temporarily ignored, and each string is treated
as a series of bytes.
As an example, when Perl sees "$x = chr(400)", it encodes the character in UTF-8 and stores it in $x. Then it is marked as character data,
so, for instance, "length $x" returns 1. However, in the scope of the "bytes" pragma, $x is treated as a series of bytes - the bytes that
make up the UTF8 encoding - and "length $x" returns 2:
$x = chr(400);
print "Length is ", length $x, "
"; # "Length is 1"
printf "Contents are %vd
", $x; # "Contents are 400"
{
use bytes; # or "require bytes; bytes::length()"
print "Length is ", length $x, "
"; # "Length is 2"
printf "Contents are %vd
", $x; # "Contents are 198.144"
}
chr(), ord(), substr(), index() and rindex() behave similarly.
For more on the implications and differences between character semantics and byte semantics, see perluniintro and perlunicode.
LIMITATIONS
bytes::substr() does not work as an lvalue().
SEE ALSO
perluniintro, perlunicode, utf8
perl v5.16.3 2013-02-26 bytes(3pm)