Where is UNIX applied presently Post: 302195564

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Special Forums UNIX and Linux Applications Where is UNIX applied presently Post 302195564 by Neo on Thursday 15th of May 2008 11:10:43 AM

05-15-2008

Administrator

This is a good link:

History of the Internet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Quote:

The term "Internet" was adopted in the first RFC published on the TCP protocol (RFC 675[1]: Internet Transmission Control Program, December 1974). It was around the time when ARPANET was interlinked with NSFNet, that the term Internet came into more general use,[13] with "an internet" meaning any network using TCP/IP. "The Internet" came to mean a global and large network using TCP/IP. Previously "internet" and "internetwork" had been used interchangeably, and "internet protocol" had been used to refer to other networking systems such as Xerox Network Services.[14]

As interest in wide spread networking grew and new applications for it arrived, the Internet's technologies spread throughout the rest of the world. TCP/IP's network-agnostic approach meant that it was easy to use any existing network infrastructure, such as the IPSS X.25 network, to carry Internet traffic. In 1984, University College London replaced its transatlantic satellite links with TCP/IP over IPSS.

Many sites unable to link directly to the Internet started to create simple gateways to allow transfer of e-mail, at that time the most important application. Sites which only had intermittent connections used UUCP or FidoNet and relied on the gateways between these networks and the Internet. Some gateway services went beyond simple e-mail peering, such as allowing access to FTP sites via UUCP or e-mail

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LEARN ABOUT NETBSD

sockstat

SOCKSTAT(1)						    BSD General Commands Manual 					       SOCKSTAT(1)

NAME

     sockstat -- list open sockets

SYNOPSIS

     sockstat [-46clnu] [-f address_family] [-p ports]

DESCRIPTION

     The sockstat command lists open Internet or UNIX domain sockets.

     The following options are available:

     -4 	 Show AF_INET (IPv4) sockets.

     -6 	 Show AF_INET6 (IPv6) sockets.

     -c 	 Show connected sockets.

     -f address_family
		 Limit listed sockets to those of the specified address_family.  The following address families are recognized: inet, for AF_INET;
		 inet6, for AF_INET6; and local or unix, for AF_LOCAL.

     -l 	 Show listening sockets.

     -n 	 Numeric output only.  No attempt will be made to look up symbolic names for addresses and ports.

     -p ports	 Only show Internet sockets if either the local or foreign port number is on the specified list.  The ports argument is a comma-
		 separated list of port numbers and ranges specified as first and last port separated by a dash.

     -u 	 Show AF_LOCAL (UNIX) sockets.

     If neither -4, -6, nor -u are specified, sockstat will list sockets in all three domains.

     If neither -c nor -l are specified, sockstat will list both listening and connected sockets, as well as those sockets that are in neither
     state.

     The information listed for each socket is:

     USER	      The user who owns the socket.

     COMMAND	      The command which holds the socket.

     PID	      The process ID of the command which holds the socket.

     FD 	      The file descriptor number of the socket.

     PROTO	      The transport protocol associated with the socket for Internet sockets, or the type of socket (stream, seqpacket or data-
		      gram) for UNIX sockets.

     LOCAL ADDRESS    For Internet sockets, this is the address to which the local end of the socket is bound (see getsockname(2)).  For bound
		      UNIX sockets, it is the socket's filename or ``-''.

     FOREIGN ADDRESS  The address to which the foreign end of the socket is bound (see getpeername(2)) or ``-'' for unconnected UNIX sockets.

SEE ALSO

     fstat(1), netstat(1), inet(4), inet6(4), unix(4)

HISTORY

     The sockstat command appeared in FreeBSD 3.1.  It was then rewritten for NetBSD 3.0.

AUTHORS

     This version of the sockstat command was written by Andrew Brown <atatat@NetBSD.org>.  This manual page was written by Dag-Erling Smorgrav
     <des@FreeBSD.org> and was adapted to match the NetBSD implementation by Andrew Brown <atatat@NetBSD.org>.

BSD
								   July 14, 2006							       BSD