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Full Discussion: Equivalent of Substr in Unix
Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Equivalent of Substr in Unix Post 302150528 by drl on Tuesday 11th of December 2007 05:30:49 PM
Old 12-11-2007
Hi.

As gus2000 noted, you can do this in some shells. In most systems, expr also has some limited string matching:
Code:
#!/usr/bin/env sh

# @(#) s1       Demonstrate string extraction from variable.

set -o nounset
echo

debug=":"
debug="echo"

## Use local command version for the commands in this demonstration.

echo "(Versions displayed with local utility \"version\")"
version >/dev/null 2>&1 && version bash expr

echo

VAR="123456:abcdeg"
echo " Goal: extract text before : from \"$VAR\""

echo
echo " Old school with expr string matching:"
expr $VAR : "\(.*\):"

echo
echo " bash / ksh parameter expansions:"
echo ${VAR%%:*}
echo ${VAR//:*}

exit 0

Producing:
Code:
% ./s1

(Versions displayed with local utility "version")
GNU bash 2.05b.0
expr (GNU coreutils) 5.2.1

 Goal: extract text before : from "123456:abcdeg"

 Old school with expr string matching:
123456

 bash / ksh parameter expansions:
123456
123456

See man pages for details ... cheers, drl
 

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echo(1B)					     SunOS/BSD Compatibility Package Commands						  echo(1B)

NAME
echo - echo arguments to standard output SYNOPSIS
/usr/ucb/echo [-n] [argument] DESCRIPTION
echo writes its arguments, separated by BLANKs and terminated by a NEWLINE, to the standard output. echo is useful for producing diagnostics in command files and for sending known data into a pipe, and for displaying the contents of envi- ronment variables. For example, you can use echo to determine how many subdirectories below the root directory (/) is your current directory, as follows: o echo your current-working-directory's full pathname o pipe the output through tr to translate the path's embedded slash-characters into space-characters o pipe that output through wc -w for a count of the names in your path. example% /usr/bin/echo "echo $PWD | tr '/' ' ' | wc -w" See tr(1) and wc(1) for their functionality. The shells csh(1), ksh(1), and sh(1), each have an echo built-in command, which, by default, will have precedence, and will be invoked if the user calls echo without a full pathname. /usr/ucb/echo and csh's echo() have an -n option, but do not understand back-slashed escape characters. sh's echo(), ksh's echo(), and /usr/bin/echo, on the other hand, understand the black-slashed escape characters, and ksh's echo() also understands a as the audible bell character; however, these commands do not have an -n option. OPTIONS
-n Do not add the NEWLINE to the output. ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ | ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Availability |SUNWscpu | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ SEE ALSO
csh(1), echo(1), ksh(1), sh(1), tr(1), wc(1), attributes(5) NOTES
The -n option is a transition aid for BSD applications, and may not be supported in future releases. SunOS 5.11 3 Aug 1994 echo(1B)
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