05-01-2007
From
people.redhat.com
When someone comes into #redhat and has troubles, often users give that person specific commands to run, to help diagnose the problem. Often users run those programs but get "Command not found" messages so they assume they do not have said program installed. Most times however, that is not the case. The program is just not in the user's $PATH. For example, fuser or modprobe are located in "/sbin" directory. Traditionally /sbin is not in a user's PATH because they contain system binaries which users should not have to use. In order to run these programs, you have to do one of two things. 1) add "/sbin" to your path (not recommended) or 2) add the path to the command (commonly referred to as "absolute paths"). So instead of typing: fuser, type: /sbin/fuser.
Now the problem is solved by this raises another question, how did you know fuser was in /sbin? You may have heard of a command called which that will show you the full path of shell commands. But a more useful command to learn is called whereis. "whereis" will not only locate the binary, but it'll find its man pages and even source code. "whereis fuser" will return /sbin/fuser & fuser's man page location.
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LEARN ABOUT FREEBSD
whereis
WHEREIS(1) BSD General Commands Manual WHEREIS(1)
NAME
whereis -- locate programs
SYNOPSIS
whereis [-abmqsux] [-BMS dir ... -f] program ...
DESCRIPTION
The whereis utility checks the standard binary, manual page, and source directories for the specified programs, printing out the paths of any
it finds. The supplied program names are first stripped of leading path name components, any single trailing extension added by gzip(1),
compress(1), or bzip2(1), and the leading 's.' or trailing ',v' from a source code control system.
The default path searched is the string returned by the sysctl(8) utility for the ``user.cs_path'' string, with /usr/libexec and the current
user's $PATH appended. Manual pages are searched by default along the $MANPATH. Program sources are located in a list of known standard
places, including all the subdirectories of /usr/src and /usr/ports.
The following options are available:
-B Specify directories to search for binaries. Requires the -f option.
-M Specify directories to search for manual pages. Requires the -f option.
-S Specify directories to search for program sources. Requires the -f option.
-a Report all matches instead of only the first of each requested type.
-b Search for binaries.
-f Delimits the list of directories after the -B, -M, or -S options, and indicates the beginning of the program list.
-m Search for manual pages.
-q (``quiet''). Suppress the output of the utility name in front of the normal output line. This can become handy for use in a back-
quote substitution of a shell command line, see EXAMPLES.
-s Search for source directories.
-u Search for ``unusual'' entries. A file is said to be unusual if it does not have at least one entry of each requested type. Only
the name of the unusual entry is printed.
-x Do not use ``expensive'' tools when searching for source directories. Normally, after unsuccessfully searching all the first-level
subdirectories of the source directory list, whereis will ask locate(1) to find the entry on its behalf. Since this can take much
longer, it can be turned off with -x.
EXAMPLES
The following finds all utilities under /usr/bin that do not have documentation:
whereis -m -u /usr/bin/*
Change to the source code directory of ls(1):
cd `whereis -sq ls`
SEE ALSO
find(1), locate(1), man(1), which(1), sysctl(8)
HISTORY
The whereis utility appeared in 3.0BSD. This version re-implements the historical functionality that was lost in 4.4BSD.
AUTHORS
This implementation of the whereis command was written by Jorg Wunsch.
BUGS
This re-implementation of the whereis utility is not bug-for-bug compatible with historical versions. It is believed to be compatible with
the version that was shipping with FreeBSD 2.2 through FreeBSD 4.5 though.
The whereis utility can report some unrelated source entries when the -a option is specified.
BSD
August 22, 2002 BSD