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Replace string2 by string3 where string1 is found in line

 
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Old 10-03-2019
To replace the 2nd string2 is easy
Code:
sed '/string1/s/string2/string3/2' TextFile

But this searches string1 throughout the line, then starts over and substitutes the 2nd string2 from the beginning of the line.
If you really want the 1st string2 after string1, then you have to include string1 into the substitution command.
I suggest perl and its minimum match. perl -pe works a bit like sed:
Code:
perl -pe 's/(string1.*?)string2/${1}string3/' TextFile

The $1 refers to what was captured in the 1st ( ) group.
The .*? is a non-greedy .* (any character any times).
 
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LEARN ABOUT OSF1

trbsd

trbsd(1)						      General Commands Manual							  trbsd(1)

NAME

       trbsd - Translates characters

SYNOPSIS

       trbsd [-Acs] string1 string2

       trbsd -d  [-Ac] string1

       The trbsd command copies characters from the standard input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.

OPTIONS

       Translates  on  a byte-by-byte basis.  When you specify this option, trbsd does not support extended characters.  Complements (inverts) the
       set of characters in string1 with respect to the universe of characters whose codes are 001 through 377 octal if you specify  -A,  and  all
       characters  if  you do not specify -A.  Deletes all characters in string1 from output.  Changes characters that are repeated output charac-
       ters in string2 into single characters.

DESCRIPTION

       Input characters from string1 are replaced with the corresponding characters in string2. The trbsd  command  cannot  handle  an	ASCII  NUL
       (00) in string1 or string2; it always deletes NUL from the input.

       The tr command is a System V compatible version of trbsd.

       Abbreviations  such  as	a-z,  standing for a string of characters whose ASCII codes run from character a to character z, inclusive, can be
       used to introduce ranges of characters.	Note that brackets are not special characters.

       Use the escape character  (backslash) to remove the special meaning from any character in a string.  Use the  followed  by  1,  2,  or  3
       octal digits for the code of a character.

       If  a  given  character appears more than once in string1, the character in string2 corresponding to its last appearance in string1 will be
       used in the translation.

EXAMPLES

       To translate braces into parentheses, enter: trbsd '{}' '()' <textfile >newfile

	      This translates each { (left brace) to a ( (left parenthesis) and each } (right brace) to a ) (right parenthesis).  All other  char-
	      acters  remain  unchanged.   To  translate  lowercase ASCII characters to uppercase, enter: trbsd a-z A-Z <textfile >newfile The two
	      strings can be of different lengths: trbsd 0-9 # <textfile >newfile

	      This translates each digit to a # (number sign); if string2 is too short, it is padded to the length of string1 by  duplicating  its
	      last  character.	To translate each string of digits to a single # (number sign), enter: trbsd -s 0-9 # <textfile >newfile To trans-
	      late all ASCII characters that are not specified, enter: trbsd -c ' -~' 'A-_' <textfile >newfile

	      This translates each nonprinting ASCII character to the corresponding control key letter (01 translates to A, 02 to  B,  and	so
	      on).  ASCII DEL (177), the character that follows ~ (tilde), translates to a ?  (question mark).

SEE ALSO

       Commands:  ed(1), sh(1), tr(1)

       Files:  ascii(5)

																	  trbsd(1)