List all files and directories in the current directory separated by commas and sorted by crtime
What I know so far: ls -A will list all files except those starting with a dot ls -d will list all directories ls -m will separate contents by commas
For getting crtimes use:
stat filename will give me the inode number
or ls -i filename will give me the inode number
option -c in the ls command sorts files by the time of their last modification, but if this is a directory, then this is the time of the last modification of files in it.
option -c in the ls command sorts files by the time of their last modification, but if this is a directory, then this is the time of the last modification of files in it.
Hi nezabudka,
For file systems that keep track of it, "crtime" refers to the time at which a file was created.
The last modification time (sometimes just called "mtime") of a directory is usually the time that the directory was created, the last time a link to a file was created in that directory, or the last time a link to a file was removed from that directory, whichever occurred most recently. But, of course, it can also be set to an arbitrary time at least by the C language futimens( ), utimensat( ), and utimes() functions. Changing the size of an already existing file in a directory does not change the modification time of any directory that contains that file.
Note that if a file has multiple hard links (not symlinks), that single file can exist in more than one directory.
This User Gave Thanks to Don Cragun For This Post:
I won't address all points because i am a bit short on time today. It suffices for addressing one point, though:
Quote:
Originally Posted by chstewar
ls -d will list all directories
No. What -d does is it will not follow a directory. That means if you use a wildcard (or, more precisely, a "file glob") like this:
Code:
ls foo*
The shell will - prior to calling ls - expand the glob into a list of filesystem items matching this name. filesystem items can be all sorts of things but we are here interested only in files and directories. So, lets say for example that there are three such items, fooA, fooB and fooC. If these are all files the output would simply be:
Code:
$ ls foo*
fooA fooB fooC
So far, so good. But what happens if one of these is a directory? In this case the directory would be followed, which means all the files in this directory would be displayed too, i.e.
Code:
$ ls foo*
fooA
fooB:
fileinfooB1 fileinfooB2
fooC:
fileinfooC1 fileinfooC2
Notice that this is not the fault of the shell: the shell still generates only the list of the three filenames but ls, when it sees the name of a directory, will list the files in that directory. In this case obviously fooB and fooC must be directories. This makes sense because when you enter
Code:
ls /usr
You usually want to see what is in that directory, not just the directory name itself. But sometimes one would not want that and this is why -d exists. It will make the ls NOT follow the directories and display their files but only there names as if they would be normal files.
With this change I get a comma separated list of crtime (creation time) and names of the files
in the current directory.
The problem with this is that the files are not sorted by crtime.
I found code that solved the sort problem, but I don't know how to change the printf statements to get a comma separted list of crtime and name:
So, this may be what you want: get three fields, sort by field one (crtime), print readable crtime and file name with comma separated data. Change the awk printf to what you want. Seemed a bit confusing to me.
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