|
|
what does this mean?
|
|
|
|
prof(1) General Commands Manual prof(1) Name prof - analyze profile data Syntax prof [ options ] [ prog_name ] [ pcsampling_data_file ... ] prof -pixie [ -note comment_string ] [ options ] [ prog_name [ bbaddrs_file [ bbcounts_file ... ] ] ] Description The command analyzes one or more data files generated by the compiler's execution-profiling system and produces a listing. Prof can also combine those data files or produce a feedback file that lets the optimizer take into account the program's runtime behavior during a sub- sequent compilation. Profiling is a three-step process: first compile the program, then execute it, and finally run to analyze the data. The compiler system provides two kinds of profiling: 1. pc-sampling interrupts the program periodically, recording the value of the program counter. 2. basic-block counting divides the program into blocks delimited by labels, jump instructions, and branch instructions. It counts the number of times each block executes. This provides more detailed (line by line) information than pc-sampling. Using Pc-sampling To use pc-sampling, compile your program with the option -p (strictly speaking, it is sufficient to use this option only when linking the program.) Then run the program, which allocates extra memory to hold the profile data, and (provided the program terminates normally or calls records the data in a file at the end of execution. The environment variable PROFDIR determines the name of the pc-sampling data file and determines whether pc-sampling takes place: if it is not set, the pc-sampling data file is named mon.out ; if it is set to the empty string, no profiling occurs; if it is set to a non-empty string, the file is named string/pid.progname, where pid is the process id of the executing program and progname is the program's name, as it appears in argv[0]. The subdirectory string must already exist. After running your program, use to analyze the pc-sampling data file. For example: cc -c myprog.c cc -p -o myprog myprog.o myprog (generates "mon.out") prof myprog mon.out When you use for pc-sampling, the program name defaults to a.out and the pc-sampling data file name defaults to mon.out ; if you specify more than one pc-sampling data file, reports the sum of the data. Using Basic-block Counting To use basic-block counting, compile your program without the option -p . Use to translate your program into a profiling version and gen- erate a file, whose name ends in .Addrs, containing block addresses. Then run the profiling version, which (assuming the program terminates normally or calls will generate a file, whose name ends in .Counts, containing block counts. Then use with the -pixie option to analyze the bbaddrs and bbcounts files. Notice that you must tell the name of your original program, not the name of the profiling version. For example: cc -c myprog.c cc -o myprog myprog.o pixie -o myprog.pixie myprog (generates "myprog.Addrs") myprog.pixie (generates "myprog.Counts") prof -pixie myprog myprog.Addrs myprog.Counts When you use with the -pixie option, the program name defaults to a.out , the bbaddrs file name defaults to program_name.Addrs, and the bbcounts file name defaults to program_name.Counts. If you specify more than one bbcounts file (never specify more than one bbaddrs file), reports the sum of the data. -note comment_string If you use this argument, the comment_string appears near the beginning of the listing as a comment. Provided you do not use -pixie, processes mon.out files produced by earlier versions of the compiler system using the obsolete -p2 or -p3 options. Options For each option, you need type only enough of the name to distinguish it from the other options (usually the first character is suffi- cient). Unless otherwise noted, each part of the listing operates only on the set of procedures that results from the combination of the -exclude and -only options. If the options you specify would neither produce a listing nor generate a file, uses -procedures plus -heavy by default. -pixie Selects pixie mode, as opposed to pc-sampling mode. -procedures Reports time spent per procedure (using data obtained from pc-sampling or basic-block counting; the listing tells which one). For basic-block counting, this option also reports the number of invocations per procedure. -heavy Reports the most heavily used lines in descending order of use (requires basic-block counting). -lines Like -heavy , but gives the lines in order of occurrence. -invocations For each procedure, reports how many times the procedure was invoked from each of its possible callers (requires basic-block counting). For this listing, the -exclude and -only options apply to callees, but not to callers. -zero Prints a list of procedures that were never invoked (requires basic-block counting). -testcoverage Reports all lines that never executed (requires basic-block counting). -feedback filename Produces a file with information that the compiler system can use to decide what parts of the program will benefit most from global optimization and what parts will benefit most from in-line procedure substitution (requires basic-block counting). See -merge filename Sums the pc-sampling data files (or, in pixie mode, the bbcounts files) and writes the result into a new file with the specified name. The -only and -exclude options have no effect on the merged data. -only procedure_name If you use one or more -only options, the profile listing includes only the named procedures, rather than the entire program. If any option uses an uppercase O for Only, uses only the named procedures, rather than the entire program, as the base upon which it calculates percentages. -exclude procedure_name If you use one or more -exclude options, the profiler omits the specified procedure and its descendents from the listing. If any option uses an uppercase E for Exclude, also omits that procedure from the base upon which it calculates percentages. -clock megahertz Alters the appropriate parts of the listing to reflect the clock speed of the CPU. If you do not specify megahertz, it defaults to 8.0. -quit n Truncates the -procedures and -heavy listings. It can truncate after n lines (if n is an integer), after the first entry that represents less than n percent of the total (if n is followed immediately by a percent character (%)), or after enough entries have been printed to account for n percent of the total (if n is followed immediately by cum%). For example: -quit 15 truncates each part of the listing after 15 lines of text. -quit 15% truncates each part after the first line that represents less than 15 percent of the whole. -quit 15cum% truncates each part after the line that brought the cumulative percentage above 15 percent. Restrictions The command does not yet take into account interactions among floating-point instructions. Files crt0.o normal startup code mcrt0.o startup code for pc-sampling libprof1.a library for pc-sampling mon.out default pc-sampling data file See Also as(1), cc(1), pixie(1), profil(2), monitor(3) Guide to Languages and Programming RISC prof(1)
