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Try this awk script:

awk '
{
values=split($2,V,";")
sample[NR]=$1
for(i=1;i<=values;i++) {
if(!(V[i] in CI)) {
CI[V[i]]
CH[++col]=V[i]
}
...

Here is an awk approach:
awk '
NR == 1 {
for ( i = 1; i <= NF; i++ )
{
if ( i > 1 )
printf $i...

awk '{print $0 > "file_new" NR ".txt"}' RS= file.txt

You could do something very descriptive like this:-#!/bin/ksh
count=1
while read line
do
if [ "$line" != "" ]
then
echo "$line" >> file_new$count.txt
else
...

Try awk 'BEGIN{FN=1} NF==0 {FN++;next} {print $0 ">" "file_new"FN}' file

Or in this particular case try:
awk '{$1=$1; gsub(/,/, OFS $3 OFS $4 ORS $1 OFS)}1' OFS='\t' file

Try:awk '$2~","{n=split($2,a,",");for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {$2=a[i];print};next}1' OFS="\t" file

Another approach, reading the input file twice:
awk '
NR==FNR {
if(NR>1) for(i=2; i<=NF; i++) if( $i!="NA" ) {
S[i]+=$i
N[i]++
}
next
}
{
if(NR>1)...

An approach using awk:
awk '
BEGIN {
CONVFMT = "%.2f"
}
NR == 1 {
print $0
}
NR > 1 {
for ( i = 1; i...

awk 'NR==1 { $2=$2"\t"NEWcol" ; print ; next }
{ A[$2]++ ; $2=$2"\t"A[$2] } 1' inputfile

You didn't mention what system you are using.

In bash you could do sequence expression that takes the form {x..y}
paste file{1..n}

awk ' {Xsum+=$1; Ysum+=$2}
!(NR%bin) {print Xsum/bin, Ysum/bin; Xsum=Ysum=0}
' bin=3 file.txt
2 2
5 10
8 38.3333
There's nothing foreseen for residual...

Unsynchronized means the readers of the file read whatever they want to read whenever they need to read it.

You can have large number of processes reading a file at exactly the same time. If you...

Unsynchronized simultaneous reads are not a problem.

Regarding the example you gave, though, it could be accomplished in a single pass by a single process (sed or awk, to name a couple tools).
...

this works for n number of columns

$ n=$(awk -F: 'NF>a{a=NF}END{print a}' input.txt);
$ awk -F: -v n="$n" '{for(i=1i<=n;i++)if($i=="")$i="."}NF==n{gsub(":"," ")}1' input.txt
a b c d e f g h i ....

awk -F ":" 'NF<5{for(i=(NF+1);i<=5;i++){$i="."}}{$1=$1}1' OFS="\t" file

try this..


awk -F "[()]" '{ for(i=2;i<=NF;i+=2){if(!X[$i]++){printf "("$i")"}}{delete X;print ""}}' file

sed -e ':a' -e 's/\(([^)]*)\)\(.*\)\1/\1\2/;ta' infile

The following will doing it without creating an intermediate file:
awk -F ")" '{
for(i=NF;i>0;i--)
for(j=1;j < i;j++)
if($i == $j) {
...

See if the below code will work for you:
$ cat t
(56)(63)
(56)(70)(56)(70)(24)
(25)(78)
(12)(33)(12)
(10)
(10)

$ while read l
> do
> echo "$l" | sed -e 's/)(/)\n(/g' -e 's/)$/)\n/' |...

awk '{idx=$1 OFS $2 OFS $3 OFS $4}{a[idx]=(idx in a)?a[idx]";"$NF:$NF}END{for(i in a) print i,a[i]}' myFile

I think you're asking for something like:
awk ' function abs_diff(a,b) { return a > b ? a - b : b - a; } abs_diff(length($3),length($4)) >= 3 {print}' < genome_data
or
awk ' function abs_diff(a,b)...

hmmm... my head starts hurtin' a bit......

nawk 'sqrt((length($3)-length($4))^2) >=3' myfile