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ls(1) [v7 man page]

LS(1)							      General Commands Manual							     LS(1)

NAME
ls - list contents of directory SYNOPSIS
ls [ -ltasdrucifg ] name ... DESCRIPTION
For each directory argument, ls lists the contents of the directory; for each file argument, ls repeats its name and any other information requested. The output is sorted alphabetically by default. When no argument is given, the current directory is listed. When several arguments are given, the arguments are first sorted appropriately, but file arguments appear before directories and their contents. There are several options: -l List in long format, giving mode, number of links, owner, size in bytes, and time of last modification for each file. (See below.) If the file is a special file the size field will instead contain the major and minor device numbers. -t Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of by name, as is normal. -a List all entries; usually `.' and `..' are suppressed. -s Give size in blocks, including indirect blocks, for each entry. -d If argument is a directory, list only its name, not its contents (mostly used with -l to get status on directory). -r Reverse the order of sort to get reverse alphabetic or oldest first as appropriate. -u Use time of last access instead of last modification for sorting (-t) or printing (-l). -c Use time of last modification to inode (mode, etc.) instead of last modification to file for sorting (-t) or printing (-l). -i Print i-number in first column of the report for each file listed. -f Force each argument to be interpreted as a directory and list the name found in each slot. This option turns off -l, -t, -s, and -r, and turns on -a; the order is the order in which entries appear in the directory. -g Give group ID instead of owner ID in long listing. The mode printed under the -l option contains 11 characters which are interpreted as follows: the first character is d if the entry is a directory; b if the entry is a block-type special file; c if the entry is a character-type special file; - if the entry is a plain file. The next 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits each. The first set refers to owner permissions; the next to permissions to others in the same user-group; and the last to all others. Within each set the three characters indicate permission respectively to read, to write, or to execute the file as a program. For a directory, `execute' permission is interpreted to mean permission to search the directory for a specified file. The permissions are indicated as follows: r if the file is readable; w if the file is writable; x if the file is executable; - if the indicated permission is not granted. The group-execute permission character is given as s if the file has set-group-ID mode; likewise the user-execute permission character is given as s if the file has set-user-ID mode. The last character of the mode (normally `x' or `-') is t if the 1000 bit of the mode is on. See chmod(1) for the meaning of this mode. When the sizes of the files in a directory are listed, a total count of blocks, including indirect blocks is printed. FILES
/etc/passwd to get user ID's for `ls -l'. /etc/group to get group ID's for `ls -g'. LS(1)

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LS(1)							      General Commands Manual							     LS(1)

NAME
ls, lc - list contents of directory SYNOPSIS
ls [ -dlmnpqrstuFQ ] name ... lc [ -dlmnpqrstuFQ ] name ... DESCRIPTION
For each directory argument, ls lists the contents of the directory; for each file argument, ls repeats its name and any other information requested. When no argument is given, the current directory is listed. By default, the output is sorted alphabetically by name. Lc is the same as ls, but sets the -p option and pipes the output through mc(1). There are a number of options: -d If argument is a directory, list it, not its contents. -l List in long format, giving mode (see below), file system type (e.g., for devices, the # code letter that names it; see intro(3)), the instance or subdevice number, owner, group, size in bytes, and time of last modification for each file. -m List the name of the user who most recently modified the file. -n Don't sort the listing. -p Print only the final path element of each file name. -q List the qid (see stat(3)) of each file; the printed fields are in the order path, version, and type. -r Reverse the order of sort. -s Give size in Kbytes for each entry. -t Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of by name. -u Under -t sort by time of last access; under -l print time of last access. -F Add the character / after all directory names and the character * after all executable files. -L Print the character t before each file if it has the temporary flag set, and - otherwise. -Q By default, printed file names are quoted if they contain characters special to rc(1). The -Q flag disables this behavior. The mode printed under the -l option contains 11 characters, interpreted as follows: the first character is d if the entry is a directory; a if the entry is an append-only file; D if the entry is a Unix device; L if the entry is a symbolic link; P if the entry is a named pipe; S if the entry is a socket; - if the entry is a plain file. The next letter is l if the file is exclusive access (one writer or reader at a time). The last 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits each. The first set refers to owner permissions; the next to permissions to others in the same user-group; and the last to all others. Within each set the three characters indicate permission respectively to read, to write, or to execute the file as a program. For a directory, `execute' permission is interpreted to mean permission to search the directory for a specified file. The permissions are indicated as follows: r if the file is readable; w if the file is writable; x if the file is executable; - if none of the above permissions is granted. SOURCE
/src/cmd/ls.c /bin/lc SEE ALSO
stat(3), mc(1) LS(1)
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