FS(8) System Manager's Manual FS(8)
NAME
fs, exsort - file server maintenance
SYNOPSIS
help [ command ... ]
arp subcommand
cfs filesystem
check [options]
clri [file...]
cpu [proc]
create path uid gid perm [lad]
cwcmd subcommand
cycl subcommand
date [[+-] seconds]
duallow [uid]
dump
files
flag flag [ channel ]
halt
newuser name [options]
noattach
passwd
profile [01]
remove [files...]
route subcommand
stat[acdejklw]
stats [[-] flags...]
sync
time command
trace [number]
users [file]
vcache
version
who [user...]
wormcp [ funit tunit [nblock]]
wormeject [ tunit ]
wormingest [ tunit ]
wormoffline [ tunit ]
wormonline [ tunit ]
disk/exsort [-w] [file]
DESCRIPTION
Except for exsort, these commands are available only on the console of an fs(4) file server.
The console requires the machine's password to be supplied before accepting commands. Typing a control-D will cause the server to request
the password again.
Help prints a `usage string' for the named commands, by default all commands. Also, many commands print menus of their options if given
incorrect or incomplete parameters.
Arp has two subcommands: print prints the contents of the ARP cache and flush flushes it.
Cfs changes the current file system, that is, the file tree to which commands (check, clri, create, newuser, profile, remove, and users)
apply. The initial filesystem is main.
Check verifies the consistency of the current file system. With no options it checks and reports the status. It suspends service while
running. Options are:
rdall Read every block in the file system (can take a long time). Normally, check will stop short of the actual contents of a file and
just verify the block addresses.
tag Fix bad tags; each block has a tag that acts as a backwards pointer for consistency checking.
ream Fix bad tags and also clear the contents of blocks that have bad tags.
pfile Print every file name.
pdir Print every directory name.
free Rebuild the list of free blocks with all blocks that are not referenced. This option is only useful on non-cache/WORM file systems.
bad Each block address that is out of range or duplicate is cleared. Note that only the second and subsequent use of a block is
cleared. Often the problems in a file system are caused by one bad file that has a lot of garbage block addresses. In such a case,
it is wiser to use check to find the bad file (by number of diagnostic messages) and then use clri to clear the addresses in that
file. After that, check can be used to reclaim the free list.
touch Cause every directory and indirect block not on the current WORM disk to be advanced to the current WORM on the next dump. This is
a discredited idea to try to keep operating on the knee of the cache working set. Buy more cache disk.
Clri clears the internal directory entry and abandons storage associated with files. It ignores the usual rules for sanity, such as check-
ing against removing a non-empty directory. A subsequent check free will place the abandoned storage in the free list.
Cpu prints the CPU utilization and state of the processes in the file server. If the name of a process type argument is given, then CPU
utilization for only those processes is printed.
Create creates a file on the current file system. Uid and gid are names or numbers from /adm/users. Perm is the low 9 bits of the permis-
sion mode of the file, in octal. An optional final l, a, or d creates a locked file, append-only file, or directory.
Cwcmd controls the cached WORM file systems. The subcommands are:
mvstate state1 state2 [platter]
States are none, dirty, dump, dump1, error, read, and write. A mvstate dump1 dump will cause I/O errors in the last dump to be
retried. A mvstate dump1 write will cause I/O errors in the last dump to be retried in reallocated slots in the next dump. A mvs-
tate read none will flush the cache associated with the WORM. A mvstate dump write aborts the background process dumping to WORM;
as a consequence it leaves holes in the dump file system. Other uses are possible but arcane. The optional platter limits affected
blocks to those on that platter.
prchain [start] [back]
Print the chain of superblocks for the directory containing the roots of the dumped file systems, starting at block number start
(default 0) going forward (backwards if back is supplied).
savecache [percent]
Copy the block numbers, in native endian longwords, of blocks in the read state to the file /adm/cache for use by disk/exsort. If
an argument is given, then that percent (most recently used) of each cache bucket is copied.
loadcache [dskno]
Read /adm/cache and for every block there on WORM disk dskno, read the block from WORM to the cache. If dskno is not supplied, all
blocks in /adm/cache are read.
startdump [01]
Suspend (0) or restart (1) the background dump process.
touchsb
Verify that the superblock on the WORM is readable, ignoring the cached copy.
acct Prints how many times each user has caused the system to allocate new space on the WORM; the units are megabytes.
clearacct
Clears the accounting records for acct.
Cycl controls the Cyclone fiber link to the main CPU server. The one subcommand is reboot, which reinitializes the Cyclone board and con-
nection.
Date prints the current date. It may be adjusted using +-seconds. With no sign, it sets the date to the absolute number of seconds since
00:00 Jan 1, 1970 GMT; with a sign it trims the current time.
Duallow sets permissions such that the named user can read and search any directories. This is the permission necessary to do a du(1) com-
mand anywhere in the file system to discover disk usage.
Dump starts a dump to WORM immediately for all file systems that have a WORM associated. File service is suspended while the cache is
scanned; service resumes when the copy to WORM starts.
Files prints for every connection the number of allocated fids.
Flag toggles flags, initially all off:
arp Report ARP activity.
attach Report as connections are made to the file server.
chat (Very noisy.) Print all 9P messages to and from the server.
dkit Report Datakit activity.
route Report received RIP packets.
ro Report I/O on the WORM device.
If given a second numeric channel argument, as reported by who, the flag is altered only on that connection.
Halt does a sync and halts the machine, returning to the boot ROM.
Newuser requires a name argument. With no options it adds user name, with group leader name, to /adm/users and makes the directory
/usr/name owned by user and group name. The options are
? Print the entry for name.
: Add a group: add the name to /adm/users but don't create the directory. By convention, groups are numbered starting from 10000,
users from 0.
newname
Rename existing user name to newname.
=leader
Change the leader of name to leader. If leader is missing, remove the existing leader.
+member
Add member to the member list of name.
-member
Remove existing member from the member list of name.
After a successful newuser command the file server overwrites /adm/users to reflect the internal state of the user table.
Noattach disables attach(5) messages, in particular for system maintenance. Previously attached connections are unaffected. Another noat-
tach will enable normal behavior.
Passwd sets the machine's password and writes it in non-volatile RAM.
Profile 0 clears the profiling buffer and enables profiling; profile 1 stops profiling and writes the data to /adm/kprofdata for use by
kprof (see prof(1)). If a number is not specified, the profiling state toggles.
Remove removes files.
Route maintains an IP routing table. The subcommands are:
add dest gate [mask]
Add a static route from IP address dest using gateway gate with an optional subnet mask.
delete dest
Delete an entry from the routing table.
print Display the contents of the routing table.
ripon Enables the table to be filled from RIP packets.
ripoff Disables the table from being updated by RIP packets.
The stat commands are connected with a service or device identified by the last character of the name: c, Cyclone fiber link; d, SCSI tar-
gets; e, Eagle Ethernet controller; j, Jaguar SCSI/VME disk controller; k, Datakit; l, LANCE Ethernet controller; w, cached WORM. The
Statp command prints statistics about processes; an optional argument identifies the process to be displayed; stata prints overall statis-
tics about the file system. The stats command takes an optional argument identifying the characters of stat commands to run. The option
is remembered and becomes the default for subsequent stats commands if it begins with a minus sign.
Sync writes dirty blocks in memory to the magnetic disk cache.
Time reports the time required to execute the command.
Trace with no options prints the set of queue-locks held by each process in the file server. If things are quiescent, there should be no
output. With an argument number it prints a stack traceback of that process.
Users uses the contents of file (default /adm/users) to initialize the file server's internal representation of the users structure.
Incorrectly formatted entries in file will be ignored. If file is explicitly default, the system builds a minimal functional users table
internally; this can help recover from disasters. If the file cannot be read, you must run
users default
for the system to function. The default table looks like this:
-1:adm:adm:
0:none:adm:
1:tor:tor:
10000:sys::
10001:map:map:
10002:doc::
10003:upas:upas:
10004:font::
10005:bootes:bootes:
Vcache displays statistics about the virtual buffer cache on machines with mapped caches such as the Sparcstation 2.
Version reports when the file server was last compiled and last rebooted.
Who reports, one per line, the names of users connected to the file server and the status of their connections. The first number printed
on each line is the channel number of the connection. If users are given the output selects connections owned by those users.
Wormcp copies from WORM disk funit to WORM disk tunit nblock native blocks (default the whole disk). If tunit is written, wormcp guaran-
tees the written data is equal to the data on funit and stops if not. Wormcp does a binary search to find the lowest unwritten block on
tunit at which to start the copy. With no arguments, wormcp stops a running copy.
Wormeject moves the WORM disk in slot tunit to the output shelf.
Wormingest moves the WORM disk from the input shelf to slot tunit.
Wormoffline will take the designated WORM controller out of service. This is done in software by ignoring that logical unit when changing
platters. Note that the controller will be restored on a reboot.
Wormonline will restore the designated unit to service.
When the file server boots, it prints the message
for config mode hit a key within 5 seconds
If a character is typed within 5 seconds of the message appearing, the server will enter config mode. See fsconfig(8) for the commands
available in config mode. The system also enters config mode if, at boot time, the non-volatile RAM does not appear to contain a valid
configuration.
Exsort is a regular command to be run on a CPU server, not on the file server console. It reads the named file (default /adm/cache) and
sorts the cache disk block numbers contained therein. It assumes the numbers are 4-byte integers and guesses the endianness by looking at
the data. It then prints statistics about the cache. With option -w it writes the sorted data back to file.
SOURCE
/sys/src/fs
/sys/src/cmd/disk/exsort.c
SEE ALSO
fs(4)
Ken Thompson, ``The Plan 9 File Server''.
FS(8)