fg(1) [osf1 man page]
fg(1) General Commands Manual fg(1) NAME
fg - Runs jobs in the foreground SYNOPSIS
fg [job_id...] Note The C shell has a built-in version of the fg command. If you are using the C shell, and want to guarantee that you are using the command described here, you must specify the full path /usr/bin/fg. See the csh(1) reference page for a description of the built-in command. STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows: fg: XCU5.0 Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about industry standards and associated tags. OPTIONS
None OPERANDS
Specifies the job to be run as a foreground job. If no job_id operand is given, the job_id for the job that was most recently suspended, placed in the background or run as a background job is used. The format of job_id is described in the Jobs section of the ksh(1) reference page. DESCRIPTION
If job control is enabled (see the description of set -m in the ksh(1) reference page), the fg utility moves a background job from the cur- rent environment into the foreground. Using fg to place a job into the foreground removes its process ID from the list of those "known in the current shell execution environ- ment"; see the Jobs section of the ksh(1) reference page. RESTRICTIONS
If job control is disabled, the fg utility exits with an error and no job is placed in the foreground. The fg utility does not work as expected when it is operating in its own utility execution environment because that environment has no applicable jobs to manipulate. EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned: Successful completion. An error occurred. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables affect the execution of fg: Provides a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value from the default locale is used. If any of the internationalization vari- ables contain an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of the variables had been defined. If set to a non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the other internationalization variables. Determines the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multibyte characters in arguments). Determines the locale used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error. Determines the location of message catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES. SEE ALSO
Commands: bg(1), csh(1), jobs(1), kill(1), ksh(1), sh(1p), wait(1) Standards: standards(5) fg(1)
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wait(1) General Commands Manual wait(1) NAME
wait - Awaits process completion SYNOPSIS
wait [pid] Note The C shell has a built-in version of the wait command. If you are using the C shell, and want to guarantee that you are using the command described here, you must specify the full path /usr/bin/wait. See the csh(1) reference page for a description of the built-in command. STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards as follows: wait: XCU5.0 Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about industry standards and associated tags. OPTIONS
None OPERANDS
One of the following: The unsigned decimal integer process ID of a command, for which the utility is to wait for the termination. A job control job ID that identifies a background process group to be waited for. The job control job ID notation is applicable only for invoca- tions of wait in the current shell execution environment. The exit status of wait is determined by the last command in the pipeline. DESCRIPTION
When an asynchronous list is started by the shell, the process ID of the last command in each element of the asynchronous list becomes known in the current shell execution environment. If the wait utility is invoked with no operands, it waits until all process IDs known to the invoking shell have terminated and exits with a zero exit status. If one or more pid operands are specified that represent known process IDs, the wait utility waits until all of them have terminated. If one or more pid operands are specified that represent unknown process IDs, wait treats them as if they were known process IDs that exited with exit status 127. The exit status returned by the wait utility is the exit status of the process requested by the last pid operand. The known process IDs are applicable only for invocations of wait in the current shell execution environment. RESTRICTIONS
If wait is called in a subshell or separate utility execution environment, such as one of the following, it returns immediately because there are no known process IDs to wait for in those environments: (wait) nohup wait ... find . -exec wait ... ; If the exit status of wait is greater than 128, there is no way for the application to know if the waited-for process exited with that value or was killed by a signal. Since most utilities exit with small values, there is seldom any ambiguity. EXIT STATUS
If one or more parameters were specified, all of them have terminated or were not known by the invoking shell, and the status of the last parameter specified is known, then the exit status of wait is the exit status information of the command indicated by the last parameter specified. If the process terminated abnormally due to the receipt of a signal, the exit status is greater than 128 and is distinct from the exit status generated by other signals. (See the kill -l option.) Otherwise, the wait utility exits with one of the following values: The wait utility was invoked with no operands and all process IDs known by the invoking shell have terminated. The wait utility detected an error. The command identified by the last pid operand specified is unknown. EXAMPLES
Although the exact value used when a process is terminated by a signal is unspecified, if it is known that a signal terminated a process, a script can still reliably figure out which signal using kill as shown by the following script: sleep 1000& pid=$! kill -kill $pid wait $pid echo $pid was terminated by a SIG$(kill -l $?) signal. If either sequence of commands shown on the first two lines is run in less than 31 seconds either of the commands shown on lines 3 and 4 will return the exit sta- tus of the second sleep in the pipeline: sleep 257 | sleep 31 & jobs -l %% wait <pid of sleep 31> wait %% ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables affect the execution of wait: Provides a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value from the default locale is used. If any of the internationalization vari- ables contain an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of the variables had been defined. If set to a non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the other internationalization variables. Determines the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multibyte characters in arguments). Determines the locale used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error. Determines the location of message catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES. SEE ALSO
Commands: bg(1), csh(1), fg(1), jobs(1), kill(1), ksh(1), sh(1) Functions: wait(2) Standards: standards(5) wait(1)