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wpa_supplicant(8) [netbsd man page]

WPA_SUPPLICANT(8)					    BSD System Manager's Manual 					 WPA_SUPPLICANT(8)

NAME
wpa_supplicant -- WPA/802.11i Supplicant for wireless network devices SYNOPSIS
wpa_supplicant [-BdehLqvw] [-f debug-file] -i ifname -c config-file [-N -i ifname -c config-file ...] DESCRIPTION
The wpa_supplicant utility is an implementation of the WPA Supplicant component, i.e., the part that runs in the client stations. It imple- ments WPA key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator and EAP authentication with an Authentication Server. In addition, wpa_supplicant con- trols the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association support and can be used to configure static WEP keys based on identified net- works. The wpa_supplicant utility is designed to be a ``daemon'' program that runs in the background and acts as the backend component controlling the wireless connection. It supports separate frontend programs such as the text-based wpa_cli(8) program. The following arguments must be specified on the command line: -i ifname Use the specified wireless interface. -c config-file Use the settings in the specified configuration file when managing the wireless interface. See wpa_supplicant.conf(5) for a descrip- tion of the configuration file syntax and contents. Changes to the configuration file can be reloaded by sending a SIGHUP signal to the wpa_supplicant process or with the wpa_cli(8) utility, using ``wpa_cli reconfigure''. OPTIONS
The following options are available: -B Detach from the controlling terminal and run as a daemon process in the background. -d Enable debugging messages. If this option is supplied twice, more verbose messages are displayed. Messages are sent to stdout by default, even when daemonised. This can be changed with the -f flag. -e Use an external IEEE 802.1X Supplicant program and disable the internal Supplicant. This option is not normally used. -f Specifies a file to send debug messages to when enabled with the -d flag. -h Show help text. -K Include key information in debugging output. -L Display the license for this program on the terminal and exit. -N -i ifname -c config-file ... Specify an additional interface and configuration file. If multiple interfaces are specified then wpa_supplicant will manage them all with a single process. -q Decrease debugging verbosity (i.e., counteract the use of the -d flag). -v Display version information on the terminal and exit. -w If the specified interface is not present, wait for it to be added; e.g. a cardbus device to be inserted. SEE ALSO
ath(4), ipw(4), iwi(4), ral(4), wi(4), wpa_supplicant.conf(5), ifconfig(8), wpa_cli(8) HISTORY
The wpa_supplicant utility first appeared in NetBSD 4.0. AUTHORS
The wpa_supplicant utility was written by Jouni Malinen <jkmaline@cc.hut.fi>. This manual page is derived from the README file included in the wpa_supplicant distribution. BSD
January 22, 2010 BSD

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WPA_SUPPLICANT(8)														 WPA_SUPPLICANT(8)

NAME
wpa_supplicant - Wi-Fi Protected Access client and IEEE 802.1X supplicant SYNOPSIS
wpa_supplicant [ -BddfhKLqqsTtuvW ] [ -iifname ] [ -cconfig file ] [ -Ddriver ] [ -PPID_file ] [ -foutput file ] OVERVIEW
Wireless networks do not require physical access to the network equipment in the same way as wired networks. This makes it easier for unau- thorized users to passively monitor a network and capture all transmitted frames. In addition, unauthorized use of the network is much easier. In many cases, this can happen even without user's explicit knowledge since the wireless LAN adapter may have been configured to automatically join any available network. Link-layer encryption can be used to provide a layer of security for wireless networks. The original wireless LAN standard, IEEE 802.11, included a simple encryption mechanism, WEP. However, that proved to be flawed in many areas and network protected with WEP cannot be con- sider secure. IEEE 802.1X authentication and frequently changed dynamic WEP keys can be used to improve the network security, but even that has inherited security issues due to the use of WEP for encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access and IEEE 802.11i amendment to the wireless LAN standard introduce a much improvement mechanism for securing wireless networks. IEEE 802.11i enabled networks that are using CCMP (encryp- tion mechanism based on strong cryptographic algorithm AES) can finally be called secure used for applications which require efficient pro- tection against unauthorized access. wpa_supplicant is an implementation of the WPA Supplicant component, i.e., the part that runs in the client stations. It implements WPA key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator and EAP authentication with Authentication Server. In addition, it controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of the wireless LAN driver. wpa_supplicant is designed to be a "daemon" program that runs in the background and acts as the backend component controlling the wireless connection. wpa_supplicant supports separate frontend programs and an example text-based frontend, wpa_cli, is included with wpa_suppli- cant. Before wpa_supplicant can do its work, the network interface must be available. That means that the physical device must be present and enabled, and the driver for the device must be loaded. The daemon will exit immediately if the device is not already available. After wpa_supplicant has configured the network device, higher level configuration such as DHCP may proceed. There are a variety of ways to integrate wpa_supplicant into a machine's networking scripts, a few of which are described in sections below. The following steps are used when associating with an AP using WPA: o wpa_supplicant requests the kernel driver to scan neighboring BSSes o wpa_supplicant selects a BSS based on its configuration o wpa_supplicant requests the kernel driver to associate with the chosen BSS o If WPA-EAP: integrated IEEE 802.1X Supplicant completes EAP authentication with the authentication server (proxied by the Authenticator in the AP) o If WPA-EAP: master key is received from the IEEE 802.1X Supplicant o If WPA-PSK: wpa_supplicant uses PSK as the master session key o wpa_supplicant completes WPA 4-Way Handshake and Group Key Handshake with the Authenticator (AP) o wpa_supplicant configures encryption keys for unicast and broadcast o normal data packets can be transmitted and received SUPPORTED FEATURES
Supported WPA/IEEE 802.11i features: o WPA-PSK ("WPA-Personal") o WPA with EAP (e.g., with RADIUS authentication server) ("WPA-Enterprise") Following authentication methods are supported with an inte- grate IEEE 802.1X Supplicant: o EAP-TLS o EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) o EAP-PEAP/TLS (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) o EAP-PEAP/GTC (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) o EAP-PEAP/OTP (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) o EAP-PEAP/MD5-Challenge (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) o EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge o EAP-TTLS/EAP-GTC o EAP-TTLS/EAP-OTP o EAP-TTLS/EAP-MSCHAPv2 o EAP-TTLS/EAP-TLS o EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 o EAP-TTLS/MSCHAP o EAP-TTLS/PAP o EAP-TTLS/CHAP o EAP-SIM o EAP-AKA o EAP-PSK o EAP-PAX o LEAP (note: requires special support from the driver for IEEE 802.11 authentication) o (following methods are supported, but since they do not generate keying material, they cannot be used with WPA or IEEE 802.1X WEP keying) o EAP-MD5-Challenge o EAP-MSCHAPv2 o EAP-GTC o EAP-OTP o key management for CCMP, TKIP, WEP104, WEP40 o RSN/WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) o pre-authentication o PMKSA caching AVAILABLE DRIVERS
A summary of available driver backends is below. Support for each of the driver backends is chosen at wpa_supplicant compile time. For a list of supported driver backends that may be used with the -D option on your system, refer to the help output of wpa_supplicant (wpa_sup- plicant -h). wext Linux wireless extensions (generic). wired wpa_supplicant wired Ethernet driver roboswitch wpa_supplicant Broadcom switch driver bsd BSD 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.). ndis Windows NDIS driver. COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
Most command line options have global scope. Some are given per interface, and are only valid if at least one -i option is specified, oth- erwise they're ignored. Option groups for different interfaces must be separated by -N option. -b br_ifname Optional bridge interface name. (Per interface) -B Run daemon in the background. -c filename Path to configuration file. (Per interface) -C ctrl_interface Path to ctrl_interface socket (Per interface. Only used if -c is not). -i ifname Interface to listen on. Multiple instances of this option can be present, one per interface, separated by -N option (see below). -d Increase debugging verbosity (-dd even more). -D driver Driver to use (can be multiple drivers: nl80211,wext). (Per interface, see the available options below.) -e entropy file File for wpa_supplicant to use to maintain its internal entropy store in over restarts. -f output file Log output to specified file instead of stdout. (This is only available if wpa_supplicant was built with the CONFIG_DEBUG_FILE option.) -g global ctrl_interface Path to global ctrl_interface socket. If specified, interface definitions may be omitted. -K Include keys (passwords, etc.) in debug output. -t Include timestamp in debug messages. -h Help. Show a usage message. -L Show license (BSD). -o override driver Override the driver parameter for new interfaces. -O override ctrl_interface Override the ctrl_interface parameter for new interfaces. -p Driver parameters. (Per interface) -P PID_file Path to PID file. -q Decrease debugging verbosity (-qq even less). -s Log output to syslog instead of stdout. (This is only available if wpa_supplicant was built with the CONFIG_DEBUG_SYSLOG option.) -T Log output to Linux tracing in addition to any other destinations. (This is only available if wpa_supplicant was built with the CON- FIG_DEBUG_LINUX_TRACING option.) -t Include timestamp in debug messages. -u Enable DBus control interface. If enabled, interface definitions may be omitted. (This is only available if wpa_supplicant was built with the CONFIG_DBUS option.) -v Show version. -W Wait for a control interface monitor before starting. -N Start describing new interface. EXAMPLES
In most common cases, wpa_supplicant is started with: wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 This makes the process fork into background. The easiest way to debug problems, and to get debug log for bug reports, is to start wpa_supplicant on foreground with debugging enabled: wpa_supplicant -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 -d If the specific driver wrapper is not known beforehand, it is possible to specify multiple comma separated driver wrappers on the command line. wpa_supplicant will use the first driver wrapper that is able to initialize the interface. wpa_supplicant -Dnl80211,wext -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -iwlan0 wpa_supplicant can control multiple interfaces (radios) either by running one process for each interface separately or by running just one process and list of options at command line. Each interface is separated with -N argument. As an example, following command would start wpa_supplicant for two interfaces: wpa_supplicant -c wpa1.conf -i wlan0 -D nl80211 -N -c wpa2.conf -i ath0 -D wext OS REQUIREMENTS
Current hardware/software requirements: o Linux kernel 2.4.x or 2.6.x with Linux Wireless Extensions v15 or newer o FreeBSD 6-CURRENT o Microsoft Windows with WinPcap (at least WinXP, may work with other versions) SUPPORTED DRIVERS
Linux wireless extensions In theory, any driver that supports Linux wireless extensions can be used with IEEE 802.1X (i.e., not WPA) when using ap_scan=0 option in configuration file. Wired Ethernet drivers Use ap_scan=0. BSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver) At the moment, this is for FreeBSD 6-CURRENT branch. Windows NDIS The current Windows port requires WinPcap (http://winpcap.polito.it/). See README-Windows.txt for more information. wpa_supplicant was designed to be portable for different drivers and operating systems. Hopefully, support for more wlan cards and OSes will be added in the future. See developer.txt for more information about the design of wpa_supplicant and porting to other drivers. One main goal is to add full WPA/WPA2 support to Linux wireless extensions to allow new drivers to be supported without having to implement new driver-specific interface code in wpa_supplicant. ARCHITECTURE
The wpa_supplicant system consists of the following components: wpa_supplicant.conf the configuration file describing all networks that the user wants the computer to connect to. wpa_supplicant the program that directly interacts with the network interface. wpa_cli the client program that provides a high-level interface to the functionality of the daemon. wpa_passphrase a utility needed to construct wpa_supplicant.conf files that include encrypted passwords. QUICK START
First, make a configuration file, e.g. /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf, that describes the networks you are interested in. See wpa_suppli- cant.conf(5) for details. Once the configuration is ready, you can test whether the configuration works by running wpa_supplicant with following command to start it on foreground with debugging enabled: wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -d Assuming everything goes fine, you can start using following command to start wpa_supplicant on background without debugging: wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -B Please note that if you included more than one driver interface in the build time configuration (.config), you may need to specify which interface to use by including -D<driver name> option on the command line. INTERFACE TO PCMCIA-CS/CARDMRG For example, following small changes to pcmcia-cs scripts can be used to enable WPA support: Add MODE="Managed" and WPA="y" to the network scheme in /etc/pcmcia/wireless.opts. Add the following block to the end of start action handler in /etc/pcmcia/wireless: if [ "$WPA" = "y" -a -x /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant ]; then /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -i$DEVICE fi Add the following block to the end of stop action handler (may need to be separated from other actions) in /etc/pcmcia/wireless: if [ "$WPA" = "y" -a -x /usr/local/bin/wpa_supplicant ]; then killall wpa_supplicant fi This will make cardmgr start wpa_supplicant when the card is plugged in. SEE ALSO
wpa_background(8) wpa_supplicant.conf(5) wpa_cli(8) wpa_passphrase(8) LEGAL
wpa_supplicant is copyright (c) 2003-2012, Jouni Malinen <j@w1.fi> and contributors. All Rights Reserved. This program is licensed under the BSD license (the one with advertisement clause removed). 09 June 2014 WPA_SUPPLICANT(8)
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