last(1) [netbsd man page]

LAST(1) 						    BSD General Commands Manual 						   LAST(1)

NAME

     last -- indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS

     last [-n] [-nTx] [-f file] [-H hostsize] [-h host] [-L linesize] [-N namesize] [-t tty] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION

     last will list the sessions of specified users, ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order.  Each line of output contains the user name, the tty
     from which the session was conducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of the session.  If the ses-
     sion is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.

     The following options are available:

     -n 	    Limits the report to n lines.

     -f file	    last reads the file file instead of the default, /var/log/wtmpx or /var/log/wtmp.  If the file ends with 'x', it is treated as
		    a utmpx(5) format file, else it is treated as a utmp(5) format file.  If the file is ``-'', standard input is used.

     -H hostsize    Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host name field.

     -h host	    Host names may be names or internet numbers.

     -L linesize    Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty field.

     -N namesize    Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login name field.

     -n 	    Print host addresses numerically.  This option works only on wtmpx(5) entries, and prints nothing on wtmp(5) entries.

     -T 	    Display better time information, including the year and seconds.

     -t tty	    Specify the tty.  Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, ``last -t 03'' is equivalent to ``last -t tty03''.

     -x 	    Assume that the file given is in wtmpx(5) format, even if the filename does not end with an 'x'.  Also useful when reading
		    such format from standard input.

     If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g., ``last root -t console'' would list
     all of ``root's'' sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.  If no users, hostnames, or terminals are specified, last prints
     a record of all logins and logouts.

     The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system, thus ``last reboot'' will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

     If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has progressed.  If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the
     search has progressed and then continues.

FILES

     /var/log/wtmp   login data base
     /var/log/wtmpx  login data base

SEE ALSO

     lastcomm(1), utmp(5), utmpx(5), ac(8), lastlogin(8)

HISTORY

     last appeared in 3.0BSD.

BSD
								 October 18, 2011							       BSD

Check Out this Related Man Page

LASTLOGIN(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 					      LASTLOGIN(8)

NAME

     lastlogin -- indicate last login time of users

SYNOPSIS

     lastlogin [-nrt] [-f filename] [-H hostsize] [-L linesize] [-N namesize] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION

     lastlogin will list the last login session of specified users, or for all users by default.  Each line of output contains the user name, the
     tty from which the session was conducted, any hostname, and the start time for the session.

     If multiple users are given, the session information for each user is printed in the order given on the command line.  Otherwise, information
     for all users is printed, sorted by uid.

     lastlogin differs from last(1) in that it only prints information regarding the very last login session.  The last login database is never
     turned over or deleted in standard usage.

     The following options are available:

     -f filename
	     Process input from filename.  If the file ends with an ``x'', then it is assumed that it is a lastlogx(5) file, else it is assumed to
	     be a lastlog(5) file.

     -H hostlen
	     Set the field width for host output to hostlen characters.

     -L linelen
	     Set the field width for line output to linelen characters.

     -N namelen
	     Set the field width for name output to namelen characters.

     -n      Attempt to print numeric host addresses.  This option is only supported with lastlogx(5) format files.

     -r      Reverse the order of the sort.

     -t      Sort by last login time (most recent first.)

FILES

     /var/log/lastlogx	default last login database
     /var/log/lastlog	compatibility last login database

EXAMPLES

     lastlogin looks by default to the /var/log/lastlogx database, where some old programs that are not utmpx(5) aware might only write to
     /var/log/lastlog.	To look at the old database one can use:

	   lastlogin -f /var/log/lastlog

SEE ALSO

     last(1), lastlog(5), lastlogx(5), ac(8)

AUTHORS

     John M. Vinopal wrote this program in January 1996 and contributed it to the NetBSD project.

BSD
								   March 4, 2005							       BSD

Linux and UNIX Man Pages

last(1) [netbsd man page]

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