xowish(1) [debian man page]
xowish(1) XOTcl Applications xowish(1) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NAME
xowish - Graphical shell containing object-oriented scripting language XOTcl SYNOPSIS
xowish ?fileName arg arg ...? _________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION
xowish is a shell-like application that reads XOTcl commands from its standard input or from a file and evaluates them. In addition to xot- clsh it provides graphical user interface support for TK widgets. XOTcl (XOTcl, pronounced exotickle) is an object-oriented scripting language based on MIT's OTcl. It is intended as a value added replace- ment for OTcl. Scripting languages, like Tcl, are designed for glueing components together, provide features like dynamic extensibility and dynamic typing with automatic conversion, that make them well suited for rapid application development. The basic object system of XOTcl is adopted from OTcl. The object system enables us to define objects, classes, and meta-classes. Classes are special objects with the purpose of managing other objects. ``Managing'' means that a class controls the creation and destruction of its instances and that it contains a repository of methods accessible for the instances. Every object may be enhanced with object-specific methods. XOTcl supports single and multiple inheritance. All relationships in XOTcl, including class and superclass relationships, are com- pletely dynamic and can be introspected. Through method chaining without explicit naming of the intended method, ambiguities in name reso- lution of methods are avoided. This way a shadowed method can be ``mixed into'' the execution of the current method. XOTcl combines the ideas of scripting and object-orientation in a way that preserves the benefits of both of them. It is equipped with sev- eral new language functionalities that help building and managing complex systems. We added the following support: Dynamic Object Aggregations, to provide dynamic aggregations through nested namespaces (objects). Nested Classes, to reduce the interference of independently developed program structures. Assertions, to reduce the interface and the reliability problems caused by dynamic typing and, therefore, to ease the combination of many components. Meta-data, to enhance self-documentation of objects and classes. Per-object mixins, as a means to improve flexibility of mixin methods by giving an object access to several different supplemental classes, which may be changed dynamically. Per-class mixins, as a means to improve flexibility of mixin methods to a class, all instances of the class have access to the mixed in methods like for multiple inheritance, but without the need of intersection classes. Filters as a means of abstractions over method invocations to implement large program structures, like design patterns. Dynamic Component Loading XOTcl integrates the Tcl package loading with architectrual support for integration with object-oriented con- structs. Moreover, it provides tracking/tracing of component loading. KEYWORDS
argument, interpreter, prompt, script file, shell XOWish xowish(1)
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Class::Meta::Class(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Class::Meta::Class(3pm) NAME
Class::Meta::Class - Class::Meta class introspection SYNOPSIS
# Assuming MyApp::Thingy was generated by Class::Meta. my $class = MyApp::Thingy->my_class; my $thingy = MyApp::Thingy->new; print "Examining object of class ", $class->package, $/; print " Constructors: "; for my $ctor ($class->constructors) { print " o ", $ctor->name, $/; } print " Attributes: "; for my $attr ($class->attributes) { print " o ", $attr->name, " => ", $attr->get($thingy) $/; } print " Methods: "; for my $meth ($class->methods) { print " o ", $meth->name, $/; } DESCRIPTION
Object of this class describe classes created by Class::Meta. They contain everything you need to know about a class to be able to put objects of that class to good use. In addition to retrieving meta data about the class itself, you can retrieve objects that describe the constructors, attributes, and methods of the class. See "Class::Meta|Class::Meta" for a fuller description of the utility of the Class::Meta suite of modules. Class::Meta::Class objects are created by Class::Meta; they are never instantiated directly in client code. To access the class object for a Class::Meta-generated class, simply call its "my_class()" method. At this point, those attributes tend to be database-specific. Once other types of data stores are added (XML, LDAP, etc.), other attributes may be added to allow their schemas to be built, as well. INTERFACE
Constructors new A protected method for constructing a Class::Meta::Class object. Do not call this method directly; Call the "new()" constructor on a Class::Meta object, instead. A Class::Meta::Class object will be constructed by default, and can always be retrieved via the "my_class()" method of the class for which it was constructed. Instance Methods package my $pkg = $class->package; Returns the name of the package that the Class::Meta::Class object describes. key my $key = $class->key; Returns the key name that uniquely identifies the class across the application. The key name may simply be the same as the package name. name my $name = $class->name; Returns the name of the the class. This should generally be a descriptive name, rather than a package name. desc my $desc = $class->desc; Returns a description of the class. abstract my $abstract = $class->abstract; Returns true if the class is an abstract class, and false if it is not. default_type my $default_type = $class->default_type; The data type used for attributes of the class that were added with no explicit types. trusted my @trusted = $class->trusted; my $trusted = $class->trusted; In an array context, returns a list of class names that this class trusts. Returns the same list in an array reference in a scalar context. is_a if ($class->is_a('MyApp::Base')) { print "All your base are belong to us "; } This method returns true if the object or package name passed as an argument is an instance of the class described by the Class::Meta::Class object or one of its subclasses. Functionally equivalent to "$class->package->isa($pkg)", but more efficient. constructors my @constructors = $class->constructors; my $ctor = $class->constructors($ctor_name); @constructors = $class->constructors(@ctor_names); Provides access to the Class::Meta::Constructor objects that describe the constructors for the class. When called with no arguments, it returns all of the constructor objects. When called with a single argument, it returns the constructor object for the constructor with the specified name. When called with a list of arguments, returns all of the constructor objects with the specified names. attributes my @attributes = $class->attributes; my $attr = $class->attributes($attr_name); @attributes = $class->attributes(@attr_names); Provides access to the Class::Meta::Attribute objects that describe the attributes for the class. When called with no arguments, it returns all of the attribute objects. When called with a single argument, it returns the attribute object for the attribute with the specified name. When called with a list of arguments, returns all of the attribute objects with the specified names. methods my @methods = $class->methods; my $meth = $class->methods($meth_name); @methods = $class->methods(@meth_names); Provides access to the Class::Meta::Method objects that describe the methods for the class. When called with no arguments, it returns all of the method objects. When called with a single argument, it returns the method object for the method with the specified name. When called with a list of arguments, returns all of the method objects with the specified names. parents my @parents = $class->parents; Returns a list of Class::Meta::Class objects representing all of the Class::Meta-built parent classes of a class. handle_error $class->handle_error($error) Handles Class::Meta-related errors using either the error handler specified when the Class::Meta::Class object was created or the default error handler at the time the Class::Meta::Class object was created. build $class->build($classes); This is a protected method, designed to be called only by the Class::Meta class or a subclass of Class::Meta. It copies the attribute, constructor, and method objects from all of the parent classes of the class object so that they will be readily available from the "attributes()", "constructors()", and "methods()" methods. Its sole argument is a reference to the hash of all Class::Meta::Class objects (keyed off their package names) stored by Class::Meta. Although you should never call this method directly, subclasses of Class::Meta::Class may need to override its behavior. SUPPORT
This module is stored in an open GitHub repository <http://github.com/theory/class-meta/>. Feel free to fork and contribute! Please file bug reports via GitHub Issues <http://github.com/theory/class-meta/issues/> or by sending mail to bug-Class-Meta.cpan.org <mailto:bug-Class-Meta.cpan.org>. AUTHOR
David E. Wheeler <david@justatheory.com> SEE ALSO
Other classes of interest within the Class::Meta distribution include: Class::Meta Class::Meta::Constructor Class::Meta::Attribute Class::Meta::Method COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2002-2011, David E. Wheeler. Some Rights Reserved. This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. perl v5.12.4 2011-08-06 Class::Meta::Class(3pm)