sofa(1) [debian man page]
sofa(1) sofa(1) NAME
sofa - SOFA GUI SYNOPSIS
sofa [OPTIONS] DESCRIPTION
SOFA is an Open Source framework primarily targeted at real-time simulation, with an emphasis on medical simulation. It is mostly intended for the research community to help develop newer algorithms, but can also be used as an efficient prototyping tool. Based on an advanced software architecture, it allows one to: * create complex and evolving simulations by combining new algorithms with algorithms already included in SOFA * modify most parameters of the simulation - deformable behavior, surface representation, solver, constraints, collision algorithm, etc. - by simply editing an XML file * build complex models from simpler ones using a scene-graph description * efficiently simulate the dynamics of interacting objects using abstract equation solvers * reuse and easily compare a variety of available methods OPTIONS
-h --help this help -s --start start the animation loop (default: 0 ) -p --factory In addition to the baz segments, also parse the blurfl headers. -g --gui choose the UI (batch|qt|glut) (default: qt ) -l --load load given plugins (default: ) AUTHORS
SOFA is currently developed by 3 INRIA teams: Alcove, Evasion and Asclepios but the project also benefited from the help of the CIMIT Sim Group, ETH Zurich and CSIRO. SEE ALSO
The full documentation for sofa is available at <http://www.sofa-framework.org> August 2008 sofa(1)
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simulation::montecarlo(n) Tcl Simulation Tools simulation::montecarlo(n) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NAME
simulation::montecarlo - Monte Carlo simulations SYNOPSIS
package require Tcl ?8.4? package require simulation::montecarlo 0.1 package require simulation::random package require math::statistics ::simulation::montecarlo::getOption keyword ::simulation::montecarlo::hasOption keyword ::simulation::montecarlo::setOption keyword value ::simulation::montecarlo::setTrialResult values ::simulation::montecarlo::setExpResult values ::simulation::montecarlo::getTrialResults ::simulation::montecarlo::getExpResult ::simulation::montecarlo::transposeData values ::simulation::montecarlo::integral2D ... ::simulation::montecarlo::singleExperiment args _________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION
The technique of Monte Carlo simulations is basically simple: o generate random values for one or more parameters. o evaluate the model of some system you are interested in and record the interesting results for each realisation of these parameters. o after a suitable number of such trials, deduce an overall characteristic of the model. You can think of a model of a network of computers, an ecosystem of some kind or in fact anything that can be quantitatively described and has some stochastic element in it. The package simulation::montecarlo offers a basic framework for such a modelling technique: # # MC experiments: # Determine the mean and median of a set of points and compare them # ::simulation::montecarlo::singleExperiment -init { package require math::statistics set prng [::simulation::random::prng_Normal 0.0 1.0] } -loop { set numbers {} for { set i 0 } { $i < [getOption samples] } { incr i } { lappend numbers [$prng] } set mean [::math::statistics::mean $numbers] set median [::math::statistics::median $numbers] ;# ? Exists? setTrialResult [list $mean $median] } -final { set result [getTrialResults] set means {} set medians {} foreach r $result { foreach {m M} $r break lappend means $m lappend medians $M } puts [getOption reportfile] "Correlation: [::math::statistics::corr $means $medians]" } -trials 100 -samples 10 -verbose 1 -columns {Mean Median} This example attemps to find out how well the median value and the mean value of a random set of numbers correlate. Sometimes a median value is a more robust characteristic than a mean value - especially if you have a statistical distribution with "fat" tails. PROCEDURES
The package defines the following auxiliary procedures: ::simulation::montecarlo::getOption keyword Get the value of an option given as part of the singeExperiment command. string keyword Given keyword (without leading minus) ::simulation::montecarlo::hasOption keyword Returns 1 if the option is available, 0 if not. string keyword Given keyword (without leading minus) ::simulation::montecarlo::setOption keyword value Set the value of the given option. string keyword Given keyword (without leading minus) string value (New) value for the option ::simulation::montecarlo::setTrialResult values Store the results of the trial for later analysis list values List of values to be stored ::simulation::montecarlo::setExpResult values Set the results of the entire experiment (typically used in the final phase). list values List of values to be stored ::simulation::montecarlo::getTrialResults Get the results of all individual trials for analysis (typically used in the final phase or after completion of the command). ::simulation::montecarlo::getExpResult Get the results of the entire experiment (typically used in the final phase or even after completion of the singleExperiment com- mand). ::simulation::montecarlo::transposeData values Interchange columns and rows of a list of lists and return the result. list values List of lists of values There are two main procedures: integral2D and singleExperiment. ::simulation::montecarlo::integral2D ... Integrate a function over a two-dimensional region using a Monte Carlo approach. Arguments PM ::simulation::montecarlo::singleExperiment args Iterate code over a number of trials and store the results. The iteration is gouverned by parameters given via a list of keyword- value pairs. int n List of keyword-value pairs, all of which are available during the execution via the getOption command. The singleExperiment command predefines the following options: o -init code: code to be run at start up o -loop body: body of code that defines the computation to be run time and again. The code should use setTrialResult to store the results of each trial (typically a list of numbers, but the interpretation is up to the implementation). Note: Required keyword. o -final code: code to be run at the end o -trials n: number of trials in the experiment (required) o -reportfile file: opened file to send the output to (default: stdout) o -verbose: write the intermediate results (1) or not (0) (default: 0) o -analysis proc: either "none" (no automatic analysis), standard (basic statistics of the trial results and a correlation matrix) or the name of a procedure that will take care of the analysis. o -columns list: list of column names, useful for verbose output and the analysis Any other options can be used via the getOption procedure in the body. TIPS
The procedure singleExperiment works by constructing a temporary procedure that does the actual work. It loops for the given number of tri- als. As it constructs a temporary procedure, local variables defined at the start continue to exist in the loop. KEYWORDS
math, montecarlo simulation, stochastic modelling COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2008 Arjen Markus <arjenmarkus@users.sourceforge.net> simulation 0.1 simulation::montecarlo(n)