EXPN(1) 						      General Commands Manual							   EXPN(1)

NAME

       expn - recursively expand mail aliases

SYNOPSIS

       expn [-a] [-v] [-w] [-d] [-1] user[@hostname] [user[@hostname]]...

DESCRIPTION

       expn will use the SMTP expn and vrfy commands to expand mail aliases.  It will first look up the addresses you provide on the command line.
       If those expand into addresses on other systems, it will connect to the other systems and expand again.	It will keep doing this  until	no
       further expansion is possible.

OPTIONS

       The  default  output of expn can contain many lines which are not valid email addresses.  With the -aa flag, only expansions that result in
       legal addresses are used.  Since many mailing lists have an illegal address or two, the single -a, address, flag specifies that a few ille-
       gal  addresses  can  be	mixed  into  the results.   More -a flags vary the ratio.  Read the source to track down the formula.  With the -a
       option, you should be able to construct a new mailing list out of an existing one.

       If you wish to limit the number of levels deep that expn will recurse as it traces addresses, use the -1 option.  For each -1 another level
       will be traversed.  So, -111 will traverse no more than three levels deep.

       The  normal mode of operation for expn is to do all of its work silently.  The following options make it more verbose.  It is not necessary
       to make it verbose to see what it is doing because as it works, it changes its argv[0] variable to reflect its current  activity.   To  see
       how  it	is expanding things, the -v, verbose, flag will cause expn to show each address before and after translation as it works.  The -w,
       watch, flag will cause expn to show you its conversations with the mail daemons.  Finally, the -d, debug, flag  will  expose  many  of  the
       inner workings so that it is possible to eliminate bugs.

ENVIRONMENT

       No environment variables are used.

FILES

       /tmp/expn$$ temporary file used as input to nslookup.
SEE ALSO

       aliases(5), sendmail(8), nslookup(8), RFC 823, and RFC 1123.
BUGS

       Not all mail daemons will implement expn or vrfy.  It is not possible to verify addresses that are served by such daemons.
       When attempting to connect to a system to verify an address, expn only tries one IP address.  Most mail daemons will try harder.
       It  is  assumed	that  you are running domain names and that the nslookup(8) program is available.  If not, expn will not be able to verify
       many addresses.	It will also pause for a long time unless you change the code where it says $have_nslookup = 1 to read $have_nslookup = 0.
       Lastly, expn does not handle every valid address.  If you have an example, please submit a bug report.
CREDITS

       In 1986 or so, Jon Broome wrote a program of the same name that did about the same thing.  It has since suffered bit rot and Jon Broome has
       dropped off the face of the earth!  (Jon, if you are out there, drop me a line)
AVAILABILITY

       The latest version of expn is available through anonymous ftp at ftp://ftp.idiom.com/pub/muir-programs/expn.
AUTHOR

       David Muir Sharnoff    <muir@idiom.com>

7th Edition							  March 11, 1993							   EXPN(1)