09-19-2005
Kernel usage on behalf of a process means that the kernel is running a system call. The pause() system is only charged for kernel time while it is putting the process to sleep and once the signal arrives, it gets charged again until it returns. That is only a few microseconds. The 60 seconds that the process spends sleeping does not count as kernel time. If the processes are really being charged for kernel time, they must be invoking other system calls. sleep will be a separate process. So will ps, etc. The shell itself can't be using much kernel time.
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sleep(3C) sleep(3C)
NAME
sleep() - suspend execution for interval
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
suspends the current process from execution for the number of seconds specified by the argument.
Actual suspension time can be less than that requested for two reasons:
o Scheduled wakeups occur at fixed 1 second intervals (on the second, according to an internal clock), and
o Any caught signal terminates the sleep following execution of that signal's catching routine.
Suspension time can be an arbitrary amount longer than requested due to the scheduling of other activity in the system. The value returned
by is the "unslept" amount (the requested time minus the time actually slept) in case the caller had an alarm set to go off earlier than
the end of the requested time, or premature arousal due to another caught signal.
seconds must be less than 2^31.
APPLICATION USAGE
If a is generated for a multithreaded process, it may not be delivered to a thread currently in See the sigwait(2) manpage for details.
SEE ALSO
sigwait(2), signal(5), thread_safety(5).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
sleep(3C)