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Full Discussion: what does <<! mean on the end of a command
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting what does <<! mean on the end of a command Post 67303 by hcclnoodles on Tuesday 22nd of March 2005 11:03:51 AM
Old 03-22-2005
what does <<! mean on the end of a command
Hi, just a quick question really on what the <<! at the end of a line actually means ? as you can see i have an oracle startup script that has an sqlplus command. im making a guess here, so correct me if im wrong but the "startup" and "exit" commands that follow are sqlplus command and not unix commands, so i am i right in saying the <<! basically allows app specific commands to follow ??

PS , I cant test this because its a production environment



Code:
#!/bin/bash
cd /export/home/oracle
. oracle9.env
sqlplus "sys/password as sysdba" <<!
startup
exit

 

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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN

mstack

VIEW-OS(1)						      General Commands Manual							VIEW-OS(1)

NAME

       mstack - networking stack selection

SYNOPSIS

       mstack [-hv] [-o protocol list] stack_mountpoint command

DESCRIPTION

       In  View-OS  multiple  networking  stacks are available to processes at the same time. View-OS supports the msocket(2) system call.  mstack
       defines the default stack (for each address family) that is used when msocket refers to a NULL pathname for  its  stack.   mstack  provides
       also a backward compatibility for all the programs using the obsolete socket(2) system call.  The stack mountpoint identifies the stack. In
       ViewOS it is the mountpoint where the stack was mounted (by mount(2)(8).  In fact the call:
       "socket(domain,type,protocol)"
       is equivalent to:
       "msocket(NULL,domain,type protocol)"
       mstacks changes the default stack for the desired protocol families and executes the command (by execve(2)).

OPTIONS

       -h  prints the mstack command usage

       -v  sets the verbose mode on

       -o  defines the list of protocols. Without a -o option, mstack redefines the default stack for all protocols families.  The list of  proto-
	   cols  may  include  the  a  comma  separated sequence of the following items: all, unix (or simply u), ipv4 (4), ipv6 (6), netlink (n),
	   packet (p), bluetooth (b), irda (i), ip (which include all ip related protocols ipv4, ipv6, netlink and packet), #n where n is the num-
	   ber	of protocol.  Each item can be prefixed by + or - to specify whether the protocol/group of protocols must be added or removed from
	   the set.

EXAMPLES

       mstack /dev/net/lwip ip addr
	      lists the address managed by the stack mounted on /dev/net/lwip.

       exec mstack /dev/net/null bash
	      disables the standard stack in a new bash (which overcomes the current one).

       mstack -o ip /dev/net/lwip bash
	      starts a new bash which uses the stack /dev/net/lwip for ipv4 and ipv6 but not for the other protocols.

       mstack -o -unix /dev/net/lwip bash
	      starts a new bash which uses the stack /dev/net/lwip for all protocols but AF_UNIX.

       mstack -o +ip,-ipv6 /dev/net/lwip bash
	      starts a new bash which uses the stack /dev/net/lwip for ipv4, netlink, packet but not ipv6.

SEE ALSO

       umview(1), kmview(1), msocket(3), umnetnative(9), umnetnull(9), umnetlwipv6(9), unix(7), ip(7), ipv6(7), netlink(7), packet(7).

AUTHORS

       View-OS is a project of the Computer Science Department, University of Bologna. Project Leader: Renzo Davoli.
       <http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/view-os>

       Howto's and further information can be found on the project wiki <wiki.virtualsquare.org>.

VIEW-OS: a process with a view					  April 23, 2008							VIEW-OS(1)
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