xparace(3)							SAORD Documentation							xparace(3)

NAME

       XPARace - XPA Race Conditions

SYNOPSIS

       Potential XPA race conditions and how to avoid them.

DESCRIPTION

       Currently, there is only one known circumstance in which XPA can get (temporarily) deadlocked in a race condition: if two or more XPA
       servers send messages to one another using an XPA client routine such as XPASet(), they can deadlock while each waits for the other server
       to respond.  (This can happen if the servers call XPAPoll() with a time limit, and send messages in between the polling call.)  The reason
       this happens is that both client routines send a string to the other server to establish the handshake and then wait for the server
       response. Since each client is waiting for a response, neither is able to enter its event-handling loop and respond to the other's request.
       This deadlock will continue until one of the timeout periods expire, at which point an error condition will be triggered and the timed-out
       server will return to its event loop.

       Starting with version 2.1.6, this rare race condition can be avoided by setting the XPA_IOCALLSXPA environment variable for servers that
       will make client calls. Setting this variable causes all XPA socket IO calls to process outstanding XPA requests whenever the primary
       socket is not ready for IO. This means that a server making a client call will (recursively) process incoming server requests while waiting
       for client completion. It also means that a server callback routine can handle incoming XPA messages if it makes its own XPA call.  The
       semi-public routine oldvalue=XPAIOCallsXPA(newvalue) can be used to turn this behavior off and on temporarily. Passing a 0 will turn off IO
       processing, 1 will turn it back on. The old value is returned by the call.

       By default, the XPA_IOCALLSXPA option is turned off, because we judge that the added code complication and overhead involved will not be
       justified by the amount of its use.  Moreover, processing XPA requests within socket IO can lead to non-intuitive results, since incoming
       server requests will not necessarily be processed to completion in the order in which they are received.

       Aside from setting XPA_IOCALLSXPA, the simplest way to avoid this race condition is to multi-process: when you want to send a client mes-
       sage, simply start a separate process to call the client routine, so that the server is not stopped. It probably is fastest and easiest to
       use fork() and then have the child call the client routine and exit. But you also can use either the system() or popen() routine to start
       one of the command line programs and do the same thing. Alternatively, you can use XPA's internal launch() routine instead of system().
       Based on fork() and exec(), this routine is more secure than system() because it does not call /bin/sh.

       Starting with version 2.1.5, you also can send an XPAInfo() message with the mode string "ack=false". This will cause the client to send a
       message to the server and then exit without waiting for any return message from the server. This UDP-like behavior will avoid the server
       deadlock when sending short XPAInfo messages.

SEE ALSO

       See xpa(7) for a list of XPA help pages

version 2.1.14							   June 7, 2012 							xparace(3)