03-13-2003
It really isn't as complicated as people are making it.
If your experiencing excessive paging and swapping like you said, get a verification report from the output of commands like iostat, vmstat, sar -wpgr 5, ps and then send it to the person in charge of adding memory to the system. Have him study the report and determine if a memory upgrade is needed.
If you find out that the excessive swapping or whatever problem your having is because of memory shortage, you might wanna try a few things (for the main time) before deciding to buy and install new memory. I suggest you take a good look at ps and find out the processes that take up a lot of memory or processes that accumulate a lot of time. Contact the Users who owns this processes and ask if you can reschedule the processes to run at a later time when the load on the system is light. Or you can ask the user if you can renice the job to run at a lower priority.
Thats all there is to it, my man.
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LEARN ABOUT REDHAT
vmstat
VMSTAT(8) Linux Administrator's Manual VMSTAT(8)
NAME
vmstat - Report virtual memory statistics
SYNOPSIS
vmstat [-n] [delay [ count]]
vmstat[-V]
DESCRIPTION
vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity.
The first report produced gives averages since the last reboot. Additional reports give information on a sampling period of length delay.
The process and memory reports are instantaneous in either case.
Options
The -n switch causes the header to be displayed only once rather than periodically.
delay is the delay between updates in seconds. If no delay is specified, only one report is printed with the average values since boot.
count is the number of updates. If no count is specified and delay is defined, count defaults to infinity.
The -V switch results in displaying version information.
FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Procs
r: The number of processes waiting for run time.
b: The number of processes in uninterruptable sleep.
w: The number of processes swapped out but otherwise runnable. This
field is calculated, but Linux never desperation swaps.
Memory
swpd: the amount of virtual memory used (kB).
free: the amount of idle memory (kB).
buff: the amount of memory used as buffers (kB).
Swap
si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (kB/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (kB/s).
IO
bi: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).
bo: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
System
in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.
CPU
These are percentages of total CPU time.
us: user time
sy: system time
id: idle time
NOTES
vmstat does not require special permissions.
These reports are intended to help identify system bottlenecks. Linux vmstat does not count itself as a running process.
All linux blocks are currently 1k, except for CD-ROM blocks which are 2k.
FILES
/proc/meminfo
/proc/stat
/proc/*/stat
SEE ALSO
ps(1), top(1), free(1)
BUGS
Does not tabulate the block io per device or count the number of system calls.
AUTHOR
Written by Henry Ware <al172@yfn.ysu.edu>.
Throatwobbler Ginkgo Labs 27 July 1994 VMSTAT(8)