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10-31-2002
just a few pointers.. (
)
Unlike pointers, you must immediately initialize a reference:
Also remember that you can't use an operator to operate on the reference like you can do with pointers. An example...
)Unlike pointers, you must immediately initialize a reference:
Quote:
int a = 5;
int* ptr; // OK!
int& x; // Error!
int& y = a; // OK!
int* ptr; // OK!
int& x; // Error!
int& y = a; // OK!
Quote:
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
int a[4] = {12, 8, 543, 74};
int* ptr = &a[2];
int& ref = a[2];
ptr++;
ref++; //Nothing happens to the reference
cout << "reference: " << ref << endl;
cout << "pointer: " << *ptr << endl;
}
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
int main()
{
int a[4] = {12, 8, 543, 74};
int* ptr = &a[2];
int& ref = a[2];
ptr++;
ref++; //Nothing happens to the reference
cout << "reference: " << ref << endl;
cout << "pointer: " << *ptr << endl;
}
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LEARN ABOUT NETBSD
atomic_dec_32
ATOMIC_DEC(3) BSD Library Functions Manual ATOMIC_DEC(3) NAME
atomic_dec, atomic_dec_32, atomic_dec_uint, atomic_dec_ulong, atomic_dec_ptr, atomic_dec_64, atomic_dec_32_nv, atomic_dec_uint_nv, atomic_dec_ulong_nv, atomic_dec_ptr_nv, atomic_dec_64_nv -- atomic decrement operations SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/atomic.h> void atomic_dec_32(volatile uint32_t *ptr); void atomic_dec_uint(volatile unsigned int *ptr); void atomic_dec_ulong(volatile unsigned long *ptr); void atomic_dec_ptr(volatile void *ptr); void atomic_dec_64(volatile uint64_t *ptr); uint32_t atomic_dec_32_nv(volatile uint32_t *ptr); unsigned int atomic_dec_uint_nv(volatile unsigned int *ptr); unsigned long atomic_dec_ulong_nv(volatile unsigned long *ptr); void * atomic_dec_ptr_nv(volatile void *ptr); uint64_t atomic_dec_64_nv(volatile uint64_t *ptr); DESCRIPTION
The atomic_dec family of functions decrement (by one) the variable referenced by ptr in an atomic fashion. The *_nv() variants of these functions return the new value. The 64-bit variants of these functions are available only on platforms that can support atomic 64-bit memory access. Applications can check for the availability of 64-bit atomic memory operations by testing if the pre-processor macro __HAVE_ATOMIC64_OPS is defined. SEE ALSO
atomic_ops(3) HISTORY
The atomic_dec functions first appeared in NetBSD 5.0. BSD
April 11, 2007 BSD