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Full Discussion: Negative decimal to binary
Top Forums UNIX for Beginners Questions & Answers Negative decimal to binary Post 303041435 by wisecracker on Saturday 23rd of November 2019 06:01:23 PM
Old 11-23-2019
You could use XOR but here is a solution that is fully POSIX complaint:
Code:
#!/usr/local/bin/dash
# decimal2binary.sh <integer_-128_to_127>
#
# USAGE: [/full/path/to/][./]decimal2binary.sh <integer_from_-128_to 127>

NUMBER=${1}
STRING=""
PREFIX=0

# Account for -127 to -1.
if [ ${NUMBER} -ge -127 ] && [ ${NUMBER} -le -1 ]
then
    NUMBER=$(( NUMBER + 256 ))
    PREFIX=1
fi

# Account for -128.
if [ ${NUMBER} -eq -128 ]
then
    STRING=10000000
    echo "${STRING}"
    exit
fi

# Now do calculations for positive values only.
for COUNT in 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
do
    M=$(( NUMBER / 2 ))
    N=$(( NUMBER % 2 ))
    NUMBER=${M}
    STRING=$( printf "%d" "${N}" )${STRING}
done

# Print it, no need to reverse the string...
echo "${PREFIX}${STRING}"

Results, OSX 10.14.6, default bash terminal calling dash, POSIX compliant.
Code:
Last login: Sat Nov 23 22:28:58 on ttys000
AMIGA:amiga~> cd Desktop/Code/Shell
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 0
00000000
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh -128
10000000
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh -127
10000001
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh -1
11111111
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 1
00000001
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 126
01111110
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> ./decimal2binary.sh 127
01111111
AMIGA:amiga~/Desktop/Code/Shell> _

 

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LEARN ABOUT CENTOS

qrencode

QRENCODE(1)						      General Commands Manual						       QRENCODE(1)

NAME

       qrencode - Encode input data in a QR Code and save as a PNG or EPS image.

SYNOPSIS

       qrencode [OPTION]...  [STRING]

DESCRIPTION

       Libqrencode  is	a  library  for encoding data in a QR Code symbol, a kind of 2D symbology that can be scanned by handy terminals such as a
       mobile phone with CCD. The capacity of QR Code is up to 7000 digits or 4000 characters, and has high robustness.

       Qrencode is a utility software using libqrencode to encode string data in a QR Code and save as a PNG or EPS image.

OPTIONS

       -h, --help
	      display help message.

       -o FILENAME, --output=FILENAME
	      write image to FILENAME. If '-' is specified, the result will be output to standard output. If -S is given, structured  symbols  are
	      written to FILENAME-01.png, FILENAME-02.png, ... (suffix is removed from FILENAME, if specified)

       -s NUMBER, --size=NUMBER
	      specify the size of dot (pixel). (default=3)

       -l {LMQH}, --level={LMQH}
	      specify error collectin level from L (lowest) to H (highest). (default=L)

       -v NUMBER, --symversion=NUMBER
	      specify the version of the symbol. (default=auto)

       -m NUMBER, --margin=NUMBER
	      specify the width of margin. (default=4)

       -d NUMBER, --dpi=NUMBER
	      specify the DPI of the generated PNG. (default=72)

       -t {PNG,EPS,SVG,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,ANSIUTF8}
       --type={PNG,EPS,SVG,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,ANSIUTF8}
	      specify the type of the generated image. (default=PNG)

       -S, --structured
	      make structured symbols. Version must be specified.

       -k, --kanji
	      assume that the input text contains kanji (shift-jis).

       -c, --casesensitive
	      encode lower-case alphabet characters in 8-bit mode. (default)

       -i, --ignorecase
	      ignore case distinctions and use only upper-case characters.

       -8, --8bit
	      encode entire data in 8-bit mode. -k, -c and -i will be ignored.

       -M, --micro
	      encode in a Micro QR Code. (experimental)

       --foreground=RRGGBB[AA]
       --background=RRGGBB[AA]
	      specify foreground/background color in hexadecimal notation.  6-digit (RGB) or 8-digit (RGBA) form are supported.  Color output sup-
	      port available only in PNG and SVG.

       -V, --version
	      display the version number and copyrights of the qrencode.

       [STRING]
	      input data. If it is not specified, data will be taken from standard input.

EXAMPLES

       qrencode -l L -v 1 -o output.png 'Hello, world!'
	      encode into a symbol version 1, level L.

       qrencode -iSv 1 --output=output.png
	      read standard input and encode it into a structured-appended symbols in case-insensitive mode.

AUTHOR

       Written by Kentaro Fukuchi.

RESOURCES

       Main Web Site: http://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/

       Source code repository: https://github.com/fukuchi/libqrencode/

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Kentaro Fukuchi.

qrencode 3.4.1							   Oct. 9, 2012 						       QRENCODE(1)
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