KILL(2) 						      BSD System Calls Manual							   KILL(2)

NAME

     kill -- send signal to a process

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <signal.h>

     int
     kill(pid_t pid, int sig);

DESCRIPTION

     The kill() system call sends the signal given by sig to pid, a process or a group of processes.  The sig argument may be one of the signals
     specified in sigaction(2) or it may be 0, in which case error checking is performed but no signal is actually sent.  This can be used to
     check the validity of pid.

     For a process to have permission to send a signal to a process designated by pid, the user must be the super-user, or the real or saved user
     ID of the receiving process must match the real or effective user ID of the sending process.  A single exception is the signal SIGCONT, which
     may always be sent to any process with the same session ID as the sender.	In addition, if the security.bsd.conservative_signals sysctl is
     set to 1, the user is not a super-user, and the receiver is set-uid, then only job control and terminal control signals may be sent (in par-
     ticular, only SIGKILL, SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGALRM, SIGSTOP, SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, SIGTSTP, SIGHUP, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2).

     If pid is greater than zero:
	     The sig signal is sent to the process whose ID is equal to pid.

     If pid is zero:
	     The sig signal is sent to all processes whose group ID is equal to the process group ID of the sender, and for which the process has
	     permission; this is a variant of killpg(2).

     If pid is -1:
	     If the user has super-user privileges, the signal is sent to all processes excluding system processes (with P_SYSTEM flag set),
	     process with ID 1 (usually init(8)), and the process sending the signal.  If the user is not the super user, the signal is sent to
	     all processes with the same uid as the user excluding the process sending the signal.  No error is returned if any process could be
	     signaled.

     For compatibility with System V, if the process number is negative but not -1, the signal is sent to all processes whose process group ID is
     equal to the absolute value of the process number.  This is a variant of killpg(2).

RETURN VALUES

     The kill() function returns the value 0 if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate
     the error.

ERRORS

     The kill() system call will fail and no signal will be sent if:

     [EINVAL]		The sig argument is not a valid signal number.

     [ESRCH]		No process or process group can be found corresponding to that specified by pid.

     [EPERM]		The sending process does not have permission to send sig to the receiving process.

SEE ALSO

     getpgrp(2), getpid(2), killpg(2), sigaction(2), sigqueue(2), raise(3), init(8)

STANDARDS

     The kill() system call is expected to conform to ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 (``POSIX.1'').

HISTORY

     The kill() function appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.

BSD
								  March 15, 2012							       BSD