02-02-2018
Quote:
Originally Posted by
Anjan Ganguly
Can you tell how to boot into single user from external media as you mentioned in your reply.
Take an unused USB-stick (or one which data you do not need any more) and create a "live system" with it. You can use "unetbootin" or any similar tool, you can even do it with
dd, there are thousands of how-tos in the internet, search for "create bootable USB stick linux".
Then put this stick into the system in question and boot from there. You may need to configure the BIOS accordingly so that it uses the USB stick to boot from.
I hope this helps.
bakunin
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LEARN ABOUT NETBSD
newfs_udf
NEWFS_UDF(8) BSD System Manager's Manual NEWFS_UDF(8)
NAME
newfs_udf -- construct a new UDF file system
SYNOPSIS
newfs_udf [-cFM] [-L loglabel] [-P discid] [-p percentage] [-S setlabel] [-s size] [-t gmtoff] [-V max_udf] [-v min_udf] special
DESCRIPTION
The newfs_udf utility creates an UDF file system on device special suitable for the media currently inserted.
The options are as follow:
-c Perform a crude surface check first to weed out disc faults on rewritable media.
-F Force file system construction on non-empty recordable media.
-L loglabel
Set the disc logical label to the specified loglabel.
-M Disable metadata partition creation when selected UDF version or media dictates this. For strict conformance and interchange, don't
disable this unless its causing problems.
-P discid
Set the physical disc label to the specified discid. For strict conformance and interchange, don't set this manually.
-p percentage
Percentage of partition to be initially reserved for metadata on the Metadata partition. It defaults to 20 %.
-S setlabel
Set the disc set label to the specified setlabel. For strict conformance and interchange, don't set this manually.
-s size
Ignored for now.
-t gmtoff
Use the specified gmtoff as gmt time offset for recording times on the disc.
-V max_udf
Select max_udf as the maximum UDF version to be supported. For UDF version 2.50, use ``0x250'' or ``2.50''.
-v min_udf
Select min_udf as the minimum UDF version to be supported. For UDF version 2.01, use ``0x201'' or ``2.01''.
NOTES
The UDF file system is defined for the entire optical medium. It can only function on the entire CD/DVD/BD so the raw partition has to be
specified for read/write actions. For newfs_udf this means specifying the raw device with the raw partition, i.e. /dev/rcd0d or /dev/rcd0c.
Some rewritable optical media needs to be formatted first before it can be used by UDF. This can be done using mmcformat(8).
The default UDF version is version 2.01.
EXAMPLES
newfs_udf -S "Encyclopedia" -L "volume 2" -P "copy-nr-1" /dev/rcd0d
Create a file system, using the specified names on the device /dev/rcd0d with the default UDF version.
dd if=/dev/zero of=bigdisk.2048.udf seek=9999999 count=1
vnconfig -c vnd0 bigdisk.2048.udf 2048/1/1/1
newfs_udf -L bigdisk /dev/rvnd0d
Create a 4.8 GiB sparse file and configure it using vnconfig(8) to be a 2048 sector size disc and create a new UDF file system on
/dev/rvnd0d.
newfs_udf -L "My USB stick" /dev/rsd0d
Create a new UDF file system on the inserted USB stick using its ``native'' sectorsize of 512.
SEE ALSO
disktab(5), disklabel(8), mmcformat(8), newfs(8)
HISTORY
The newfs_udf command first appeared in NetBSD 5.0.
AUTHORS
Reinoud Zandijk <reinoud@NetBSD.org>
BSD
December 23, 2009 BSD