MOUNT(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 						  MOUNT(8)

NAME

     mount -- mount file systems

SYNOPSIS

     mount [-adfruvw] [-t lfs | external_type]
     mount [-dfruvw] special | node
     mount [-dfruvw] [-o options] [-t lfs | external_type] special node

DESCRIPTION

     The mount command calls the mount(2) system call to prepare and graft a special device or the remote node (rhost:path) on to the file system
     tree at the point node.  If either special or node are not provided, the appropriate information is obtained via the getfsent(3) library rou-
     tines.

     The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems.  If no arguments are given to mount, this list is printed.

     The options are as follows:

     -a      All the filesystems listed via getfsent(3) are mounted.  Exceptions are those marked as ``noauto;'' excluded by the -t flag (see
	     below); entries that are neither ``ro,'' ``rw,'' or ``rq;'' ``nfs'' entries that also have ``net'' as an option; and already-mounted
	     ``nfs'' entries.

     -d      Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call.  This option is useful in conjunction with the -v flag to determine
	     what the mount command is trying to do.

     -f      Forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade a filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only.

     -o      Options are specified with a -o flag followed by a comma separated string of options.  The following options are available:

	     async   All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously.	This can be somewhat dangerous with respect to losing data when
		     faced with system crashes and power outages.  This is also the default.  It can be avoided with the noasync option.

	     force   The same as -f; forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade a filesystem mount status from read-write to
		     read-only.

	     noasync
		     This filesystem should not force all I/O to be written asynchronously.

	     noauto  This filesystem should be skipped when mount is run with the -a flag.

	     nodev   Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file system.  This option is useful for a server that has file
		     systems containing special devices for architectures other than its own.

	     noexec  Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system.  This option is useful for a server that has file systems
		     containing binaries for architectures other than its own.

	     noowners
		     Ignore the ownership field for the entire volume.	This causes all objects to appear as owned by user ID 99 and group ID 99.
		     User ID 99 is interpreted as the current effective user ID, while group ID 99 is used directly and translates to ``unknown''.

	     nosuid  Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take effect.

	     rdonly  The same as -r; mount the file system read-only (even the super-user may not write it).

	     sync    All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously.

	     update  The same as -u; indicate that the status of an already mounted file system should be changed.

	     union   Causes the namespace to appear as the union of directories of the mounted filesystem with corresponding directories in the
		     underlying filesystem.  Lookups will be done in the mounted filesystem first.  If those operations fail due to a non-existent
		     file the underlying directory is then accessed.

	     noatime
		     Do not update the file access time when reading from a file.  This option is useful on file systems where there are large
		     numbers of files and performance is more critical than updating the file access time (which is rarely ever important).

	     nobrowse
		     This option indicates that the mount point should not be visible via the GUI (i.e., appear on the Desktop as a separate vol-
		     ume).

	     Any additional options specific to a filesystem type that is not one of the internally known types (see the -t option) may be passed
	     as a comma separated list; these options are distinguished by a leading ``-'' (dash).  Options that take a value are specified using
	     the syntax -option=value.	For example, the mount command:

		   mount -t hfs -o nosuid,-w,-m=755 /dev/disk2s9 /tmp

	     causes mount to execute the equivalent of:

		   /sbin/mount_hfs -o nosuid -w -m 755 /dev/disk2s9 /tmp

     -r      Mount the file system read-only (even the super-user may not write it).  The same as the ``rdonly'' argument to the -o option.

     -t lfs | external type
	     The argument following the -t is used to indicate the file system type.  There is no default local file system for use with mount. A
	     type must be specified in order to mount a non-NFS filesystem.  The -t option can be used to indicate that the actions should only be
	     taken on filesystems of the specified type.  More than one type may be specified in a comma separated list.  The list of filesystem
	     types can be prefixed with ``no'' to specify the filesystem types for which action should not be taken.  For example, the mount com-
	     mand:

		   mount -a -t nonfs,hfs

	     mounts all filesystems except those of type NFS and HFS.

	     If the type is not one of the internally known types, mount will attempt to execute a program in /sbin/mount_XXX where XXX is
	     replaced by the type name.  For example, nfs filesystems are mounted by the program /sbin/mount_nfs.

     -u      The -u flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file system should be changed.  Any of the options discussed above (the
	     -o option) may be changed; also a file system can be changed from read-only to read-write or vice versa.  An attempt to change from
	     read-write to read-only will fail if any files on the filesystem are currently open for writing unless the -f flag is also specified.
	     The set of options is determined by first extracting the options for the file system from the filesystem table (see getfsent(3)) then
	     applying any options specified by the -o argument, and finally applying the -r or -w option.

     -v      Verbose mode.

     -w      Mount the file system read-write.

	     The options specific to NFS filesystems are described in the mount_nfs(8) manual page.

SEE ALSO

     mount(2), getfsent(3), mount_afp(8), mount_cd9660(8), mount_cddafs(8), mount_fdesc(8), mount_hfs(8), mount_msdos(8), mount_nfs(8),
     mount_smbfs(8), mount_udf(8), mount_webdav(8), umount(8)

BUGS

     It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash.

HISTORY

     A mount command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.

4th Berkeley Distribution					   June 16, 1994					 4th Berkeley Distribution