12-07-2016
I'm agreeing with
RudiC.
There are several quotes to consider and their uses vary. Usually in sh/ksh/bash scripts:-
- " - Double quotes wrap a string, preserving spaces in variables, and allow the shell to work with meta-characters with the string, so variables get expanded, escaped characters have their special meaning etc. This is allowing what is known as interpolation.
- ' - Single quotes wrap a string, preserving everything as literal text, so there is no interpolation.
- ` - Back-quote or Back-tick is common for command substitution, as in result=`command` although aparently this is to be discouraged. I'm not sure the reasons why but I'm told that this is the preferred format - result=$(command)
There are similarly important rules for the variety of brackets,
(,
[,
<,
{ and their appropriate opposites and a preceding
$ can cause them to do yet more things.
I hope that this helps,
Robin
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LEARN ABOUT PHP
escapeshellarg
ESCAPESHELLARG(3) 1 ESCAPESHELLARG(3)
escapeshellarg - Escape a string to be used as a shell argument
SYNOPSIS
string escapeshellarg (string $arg)
DESCRIPTION
escapeshellarg(3) adds single quotes around a string and quotes/escapes any existing single quotes allowing you to pass a string directly
to a shell function and having it be treated as a single safe argument. This function should be used to escape individual arguments to
shell functions coming from user input. The shell functions include exec(3), system(3) and the backtick operator.
On Windows, escapeshellarg(3) instead removes percent signs, replaces double quotes with spaces and adds double quotes around the string.
PARAMETERS
o $arg
- The argument that will be escaped.
RETURN VALUES
The escaped string.
EXAMPLES
Example #1
escapeshellarg(3) example
<?php
system('ls '.escapeshellarg($dir));
?>
SEE ALSO
escapeshellcmd(3), exec(3), popen(3), system(3), backtick operator.
PHP Documentation Group ESCAPESHELLARG(3)