02-09-2016
Quote:
Originally Posted by
mohtashims
I couldn't stop laughing reading the last few comments and I get the point that it is not feasible to impose the default behaviour of the commands.
Anyways ... can you help me with few commands with flags as examples that override each other like -f overrides -i for rm command ?
I'm very happy to hear that you were laughing. That means you'll remember this discussion.
It is common practice any time a utility has mutually exclusive behaviors specified by a pair of options to use the behavior specified by the last one of those options found on the command line. But as always, there are exceptions. The standards seldom explicitly state that the last mutually exclusive option "shall be used" and instead state that the default behavior is undefined if a user specifies more than one mutually exclusive option unless the description of that utility explicitly overrides the default. One case where the standard always specifies that the last one shall be used is the
-H,
-L, and
-P options that appear on many utilities that process symbolic links (such as
cd,
chgrp,
chmod,
chown,
cp, etc.). In all of these cases the last specified option of these three is required to be used and any previous occurrences of these three options must be ignored by the system (just like the
-f and
-i rm options we have been discussing in this thread).
This User Gave Thanks to Don Cragun For This Post:
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LEARN ABOUT FREEBSD
chgrp
CHGRP(1) BSD General Commands Manual CHGRP(1)
NAME
chgrp -- change group
SYNOPSIS
chgrp [-fhvx] [-R [-H | -L | -P]] group file ...
DESCRIPTION
The chgrp utility sets the group ID of the file named by each file operand to the group ID specified by the group operand.
The following options are available:
-H If the -R option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed. (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal
are not followed.)
-L If the -R option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
-P If the -R option is specified, no symbolic links are followed. This is the default.
-R Change the group ID for the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of just the files themselves.
-f The force option ignores errors, except for usage errors and does not query about strange modes (unless the user does not have proper
permissions).
-h If the file is a symbolic link, the group ID of the link itself is changed rather than the file that is pointed to.
-v Cause chgrp to be verbose, showing files as the group is modified. If the -v flag is specified more than once, chgrp will print the
filename, followed by the old and new numeric group ID.
-x File system mount points are not traversed.
The -H, -L and -P options are ignored unless the -R option is specified. In addition, these options override each other and the command's
actions are determined by the last one specified.
The group operand can be either a group name from the group database, or a numeric group ID. If a group name is also a numeric group ID, the
operand is used as a group name.
The user invoking chgrp must belong to the specified group and be the owner of the file, or be the super-user.
FILES
/etc/group group ID file
EXIT STATUS
The chgrp utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
COMPATIBILITY
In previous versions of this system, symbolic links did not have groups.
The -v and -x options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended.
SEE ALSO
chown(2), fts(3), group(5), passwd(5), symlink(7), chown(8)
STANDARDS
The chgrp utility is expected to be IEEE Std 1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') compatible.
BSD
February 21, 2010 BSD