ping(1M)						  System Administration Commands						  ping(1M)

NAME

       ping - send ICMP (ICMP6) ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

SYNOPSIS

       /usr/sbin/ping host [timeout]

       /usr/sbin/ping -s [-l | -U] [-abdlLnrRv] [-A addr_family]
	    [-c traffic_class] [-g gateway [-g gateway...]]
	    [-N next_hop_router] [-F flow_label] [-I interval]
	    [-i interface] [-P tos] [-p port] [-t ttl] host
	    [data_size] [npackets]

DESCRIPTION

       The utility ping utilizes the ICMP (ICMP6 in IPv6) protocol's ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP (ICMP6) ECHO_RESPONSE from the speci-
       fied host or network gateway. If host responds, ping will print:

	 host is alive

       on the standard output and exit. Otherwise, after timeout seconds, it will write:

	 no answer from host

       The default value of timeout is 20 seconds.

       When you specify the s flag, sends one datagram per second (adjust with -I) and prints one line of output for every ECHO_RESPONSE  that	it
       receives.  ping produces no output if there is no response. In this second form, ping computes round trip times and packet loss statistics;
       it displays a summary of this information upon termination or timeout. The default data_size is 56 bytes, or you can specify  a	size  with
       the data_size command-line argument. If you specify the optional npackets, ping sends ping requests until it either sends npackets requests
       or receives npackets replies.

       When using ping for fault isolation, first ping the local host to verify that the local network interface is running.

OPTIONS

       The following options are supported:

       -A addr_family	       Specify the address family of the target host. addr_family can be either inet or inet6. Address	family	determines
			       which protocol to use. For an argument of inet, IPv4 is used. For inet6, IPv6 is used.

			       By  default,  if the name of a host is provided, not the literal IP address, and a valid IPv6 address exists in the
			       name service database, ping will use this address. Otherwise,  if  the  name  service  database	contains  an  IPv4
			       address, it will try the IPv4 address.

			       Specify	the address family inet or inet6 to override the default behavior. If the argument specified is inet, ping
			       will use the IPv4 address associated with the host name. If none exists, ping will state that the host  is  unknown
			       and exit. It does not try to determine if an IPv6 address exists in the name service database.

			       If  the	specified  argument  is  inet6,  ping uses the IPv6 address that is associated with the host name. If none
			       exists, ping states that the host is unknown and exits.

       -F flow_label	       Specify the flow label of probe packets. The value must be an integer in the range from 0 to 1048575.  This  option
			       is valid only on IPv6.

       -I interval	       Turn  on  the statistics mode and specify the interval between successive transmissions. The default is one second.
			       See the discussion of the -s option.

       -L		       Turn off loopback of multicast packets. Normally, members are in the host group on the outgoing interface,  a  copy
			       of the multicast packets will be delivered to the local machine.

       -N next_hop_router      Specify	a  next-hop router so that the probe packet goes through the specified router along its path to the target
			       host. This option essentially bypasses the system routing table and leaves the probe packet header unmodified. Only
			       one next-hop router can be specified.

       -P tos		       Set  the  type  of service (tos) in probe packets to the specified value. The default is zero. The value must be an
			       integer in the range from 0 to 255. Gateways also in the path can route the  probe  packet  differently,  depending
			       upon the value of tos that is set in the probe packet. This option is valid only on IPv4.

       -R		       Record  route.  Sets the IPv4 record route option, which stores the route of the packet inside the IPv4 header. The
			       contents of the record route are only printed if the -v and -s options are given. They are only set on return pack-
			       ets  if	the  target host preserves the record route option across echos, or the -l option is given. This option is
			       valid only on IPv4.

       -U		       Send UDP packets instead of ICMP (ICMP6) packets. ping sends UDP packets to consecutive ports expecting to  receive
			       back ICMP (ICMP6) PORT_UNREACHABLE from the target host.

       -a		       ping  all  addresses, both IPv4 and IPv6, of the multihomed destination. The output appears as if ping has been run
			       once for each IP address of the destination. If this option  is	used  together	with  -A,  ping  probes  only  the
			       addresses  that	are  of  the specified address family. When used with the -s option and npackets is not specified,
			       ping continuously probes the destination addresses in a round robin fashion. If npackets is specified,  ping  sends
			       npackets number of probes to each IP address of the destination and then exits.

       -b		       Bypass  the global IPsec policy and send and receive packets in the clear for this connection only. This option can
			       be used to troubleshoot network connectivity independent of IPsec. Because this option bypasses system-wide  policy
			       for this connection, it can only be used by superuser or a user granted the sys_net_config privilege.

       -c traffic_class        Specify the traffic class of probe packets. The value must be an integer in the range from 0 to 255. Gateways along
			       the path can route the probe packet differently, depending upon the value of traffic_class set in the probe packet.
			       This option is valid only on IPv6.

       -d		       Set the SO_DEBUG socket option.

       -g gateway	       Specify a loose source route gateway so that the probe packet goes through the specified host along the path to the
			       target host. The maximum number of gateways is 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6. Note that some factors such as the link
			       MTU can further limit the number of gateways for IPv6.

       -i interface_address    Specify the outgoing interface address to use for multicast packets for IPv4 and both multicast and unicast packets
			       for IPv6. The default interface address for multicast packets is determined  from  the  (unicast)  routing  tables.
			       interface_address can be a literal IP address, for example, 10.123.100.99, or an interface name, for example, eri0,
			       or an interface index, for example 2.

       -l		       Use to send the probe packet to the given host and back again using loose source routing.  Usually  specified  with
			       the  -R	option.  If any gateways are specified using -g, they are visited twice, both to and from the destination.
			       This option is ignored if the -U option is used.

       -n		       Show network addresses as numbers. ping normally does a reverse name lookup on the IP addresses	it  extracts  from
			       the packets received. The -n option blocks the reverse lookup, so ping prints IP addresses instead of host names.

       -p port		       Set  the  base UDP port number used in probes. This option is used with the -U option. The default base port number
			       is 33434. The ping utility starts setting the destination port number of UDP packets to this base and increments it
			       by one at each probe.

       -r		       Bypass  the  normal  routing  tables  and  send	directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a
			       directly attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an  interface
			       that has been dropped by the router daemon. See in.routed(1M).

       -s		       Send one datagram per second and collect statistics.

       -t ttl		       Specify	the IPv4 time to live, or IPv6 hop limit, for unicast and multicast packets. The default time to live (hop
			       limit) for unicast packets can be set with the ndd module, /dev/icmp, using the icmp_ipv4_ttl variable for IPv4 and
			       the  icmp_ipv6_hoplimit variable for IPv6. The default time to live (hop limit) for multicast is one hop. See EXAM-
			       PLES. For further information, seendd(1M).

       -v		       Verbose output. List any ICMP (ICMP6) packets, other than replies from the target host.

OPERANDS

       host    The network host

EXAMPLES

       Example 1 Using ping With IPv6

       This example shows ping sending probe packets to all the IPv6 addresses of the host xyz, one at a time.	It  sends  an  ICMP6  ECHO_REQUEST
       every second until the user interrupts it.

	 istanbul% ping -s -A inet6 -a xyz
	 PING xyz: 56 data bytes
	 64 bytes from xyz (4::114:a00:20ff:ab3d:83ed): icmp_seq=0. time=0.479 ms
	 64 bytes from xyz (fec0::114:a00:20ff:ab3d:83ed): icmp_seq=1. time=0.843 ms
	 64 bytes from xyz (4::114:a00:20ff:ab3d:83ed): icmp_seq=2. time=0.516 ms
	 64 bytes from xyz (fec0::114:a00:20ff:ab3d:83ed): icmp_seq=3. time=4.943 ms
	 64 bytes from xyz (4::114:a00:20ff:ab3d:83ed): icmp_seq=4. time=0.485 ms
	 64 bytes from xyz (fec0::114:a00:20ff:ab3d:83ed): icmp_seq=5. time=2.201 ms
	 ^C
	 ----xyz PING Statistics----
	 6 packets transmitted, 6 packets received, 0% packet loss
	 round-trip (ms)  min/avg/stddev = 0.479/1.583/4.943/1.823

       Example 2 Using ndd to Set the icmp_ipv6_hoplimit

       This example shows the ndd module, /dev/icmp, used to set the icmp_ipv6_hoplimit.

	 # ndd -set /dev/icmp icmp_ipv6_hoplimit 100

EXIT STATUS

       The following exit values are returned:

       0	   Successful operation; the machine is alive.

       non-zero    An error has occurred. Either a malformed argument has been specified, or the machine was not alive.

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWbip			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       ifconfig(1M), in.routed(1M), ndd(1M), netstat(1M), rpcinfo(1M), traceroute(1M), attributes(5), icmp(7P), icmp6(7P)

SunOS 5.11							    7 Sep 2006								  ping(1M)