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Shell Programming and Scripting
Nn$( expr $n + 1)
Post 302945053 by sea on Monday 25th of May 2015 08:17:10 PM
05-25-2015
Code:
0 ~ $ n=22 0 ~ $ time n=$( expr $n + 1) real 0m0.003s user 0m0.002s sys 0m0.001s 0 ~ $ time n=$(( $n + 1)) real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s 0 ~ $ echo $n 24
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LEARN ABOUT CENTOS
times
TIMES(1P) POSIX Programmer's Manual TIMES(1P) PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the correspond- ing Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux. NAME
times - write process times SYNOPSIS
times DESCRIPTION
The times utility shall write the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for all of its child processes, in the following POSIX locale format: "%dm%fs %dm%fs %dm%fs %dm%fs ", <shell user minutes>, <shell user seconds>, <shell system minutes>, <shell system seconds>, <children user minutes>, <children user seconds>, <children system minutes>, <children system seconds> The four pairs of times shall correspond to the members of the <sys/times.h> tms structure (defined in the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Chapter 13, Headers) as returned by times(): tms_utime, tms_stime, tms_cutime, and tms_cstime, respectively. OPTIONS
None. OPERANDS
None. STDIN
Not used. INPUT FILES
None. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
None. ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default. STDOUT
See the DESCRIPTION. STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages. OUTPUT FILES
None. EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None. EXIT STATUS
Zero. CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default. The following sections are informative. APPLICATION USAGE
None. EXAMPLES
$ times 0m0.43s 0m1.11s 8m44.18s 1m43.23s RATIONALE
The times special built-in from the Single UNIX Specification is now required for all conforming shells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None. SEE ALSO
Special Built-In Utilities COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technol- ogy -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html . IEEE
/The Open Group 2003 TIMES(1P)