02-24-2015
A process ID is assigned by the kernel when a process is forked. After that process dies, no other process will get that same process ID for a "long time". Normally process IDs start at 1 for the 1st process started after the kernel is booted and are assigned sequentially until the highest process ID used by that operating system is assigned. Then process IDs (that are not still in use) are recycled starting from the lowest no longer active process ID.
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setsid(2) System Calls setsid(2)
NAME
setsid - create session and set process group ID
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
pid_t setsid(void);
DESCRIPTION
The setsid() function creates a new session, if the calling process is not a process group leader. Upon return the calling process will be
the session leader of this new session, will be the process group leader of a new process group, and will have no controlling terminal. The
process group ID of the calling process will be set equal to the process ID of the calling process. The calling process will be the only
process in the new process group and the only process in the new session.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, setsid() returns the value of the process group ID of the calling process. Otherwise it returns (pid_t)-1 and
sets errno to indicate the error.
ERRORS
The setsid() function will fail if:
EPERM The calling process is already a process group leader, or the process group ID of a process other than the calling process
matches the process ID of the calling process.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Interface Stability |Standard |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|MT-Level |Async-Signal-Safe |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
SEE ALSO
getsid(2), setpgid(2), setpgrp(2), attributes(5), standards(5)
WARNINGS
A call to setsid() by a process that is a process group leader will fail. A process can become a process group leader by being the last
member of a pipeline started by a job control shell. Thus, a process that expects to be part of a pipeline, and that calls setsid(), should
always first fork; the parent should exit and the child should call setsid(). This will ensure that the calling process will work reliably
when started by both job control shells and non-job control shells.
SunOS 5.10 21 Aug 2002 setsid(2)