hi,
I'm trying to create a program that will read a file and then check the file for each letter of the alphabet and then output the letter and the number of times it appears in the file, into a new file... this is what i have so far but it's not working.. if anyone could help that would be nice!... (10 Replies)
Hi,
I need to find whether the first character in a line is a alphabet or a number. If its a number i should sort it numerically. If its a alphabet i should sort it based on the ASCII value.And if it is something other than alphabet or number then sort it based on ASCII value.
The code i used... (2 Replies)
afternoon forums.
I need to get a way of testing as to wether an inputed character is part of the english alphabet.
i have come up with the following code but its not working at all.
until ']
do
echo This is not a Letter
done
any help would be beneficial to me. (1 Reply)
I have a text file in the following format
CCCCCGCCCCCCCCCCcCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
AAAATAAAAAAAAAAAaAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
TGTTTTTTTTTTTTGGtTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTT-TTTTTTTTTCTtTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Each row/line will have 32 letters and each line will only have multiple occurrences of 2 letters out of a pool... (1 Reply)
Hello,
I have to find out whether the last character is digit or alphabet. I manage to strip the last character but would need some help if there is one liner available to test the above.
set x = WM
echo $x | sed 's/.*\(.$\)/\1/'
O/P
M
I would like a one liner code to test whether the... (1 Reply)
I have a genotype.bim file where it contains information about SNPs and genotype. As a hypothetical example, let's say
genotype.bim
snp1 ... A G
snp2 ... G T
snp3 ... G T
snp4 ... G A
...
snpN ... C G
where first column identifies each SNP and 5th and 6th column has genotype... (3 Replies)
Good afternoon all,
I want to ask how to change some letter in my file with other letter in spesific line
eg.
data.txt
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
for example i want to change the 4th line with character 1.
How could I do it by SED or AWK.
I have tried to run this code but actually did not... (3 Replies)
Hi e
Hi everyone, I can't make this script work,
#! /bin/bash declare -A crypt=( ="A" ="a" ="B" ="b" ="C" ="c" =' ' ='!' ) encode () { local word=$1 for ((i=0; i<${#word}; ++i)) ; do local char=${word:$i:1} printf %s' ' ${crypt} done ... (5 Replies)
Discussion started by: Pinguino
5 Replies
LEARN ABOUT PHP
substr
SUBSTR(3) 1 SUBSTR(3)substr - Return part of a stringSYNOPSIS
string substr (string $string, int $start, [int $length])
DESCRIPTION
Returns the portion of $string specified by the $start and $length parameters.
PARAMETERS
o $string
- The input string. Must be one character or longer.
o $start
- If $start is non-negative, the returned string will start at the $start'th position in $string, counting from zero. For
instance, in the string ' abcdef', the character at position 0 is ' a', the character at position 2 is ' c', and so forth. If
$start is negative, the returned string will start at the $start'th character from the end of $string. If $string is less than or
equal to $start characters long, FALSE will be returned.
Example #1
Using a negative $start
<?php
$rest = substr("abcdef", -1); // returns "f"
$rest = substr("abcdef", -2); // returns "ef"
$rest = substr("abcdef", -3, 1); // returns "d"
?>
o $length
- If $length is given and is positive, the string returned will contain at most $length characters beginning from $start (depend-
ing on the length of $string). If $length is given and is negative, then that many characters will be omitted from the end of
$string (after the start position has been calculated when a $start is negative). If $start denotes the position of this trunca-
tion or beyond, false will be returned. If $length is given and is 0, FALSE or NULL, an empty string will be returned. If
$length is omitted, the substring starting from $start until the end of the string will be returned.
Example #2
Using a negative $length
<?php
$rest = substr("abcdef", 0, -1); // returns "abcde"
$rest = substr("abcdef", 2, -1); // returns "cde"
$rest = substr("abcdef", 4, -4); // returns false
$rest = substr("abcdef", -3, -1); // returns "de"
?>
RETURN VALUES
Returns the extracted part of $string; or FALSE on failure, or an empty string.
CHANGELOG
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Version | |
| | |
| | Description |
| | |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
|5.2.2 - 5.2.6 | |
| | |
| | If the $start parameter indicates the position |
| | of a negative truncation or beyond, false is |
| | returned. Other versions get the string from |
| | start. |
| | |
+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+
EXAMPLES
Example #3
Basic substr(3) usage
<?php
echo substr('abcdef', 1); // bcdef
echo substr('abcdef', 1, 3); // bcd
echo substr('abcdef', 0, 4); // abcd
echo substr('abcdef', 0, 8); // abcdef
echo substr('abcdef', -1, 1); // f
// Accessing single characters in a string
// can also be achieved using "square brackets"
$string = 'abcdef';
echo $string[0]; // a
echo $string[3]; // d
echo $string[strlen($string)-1]; // f
?>
Example #4
substr(3) casting behaviour
<?php
class apple {
public function __toString() {
return "green";
}
}
echo "1) ".var_export(substr("pear", 0, 2), true).PHP_EOL;
echo "2) ".var_export(substr(54321, 0, 2), true).PHP_EOL;
echo "3) ".var_export(substr(new apple(), 0, 2), true).PHP_EOL;
echo "4) ".var_export(substr(true, 0, 1), true).PHP_EOL;
echo "5) ".var_export(substr(false, 0, 1), true).PHP_EOL;
echo "6) ".var_export(substr("", 0, 1), true).PHP_EOL;
echo "7) ".var_export(substr(1.2e3, 0, 4), true).PHP_EOL;
?>
The above example will output:
1) 'pe'
2) '54'
3) 'gr'
4) '1'
5) false
6) false
7) '1200'
ERRORS /EXCEPTIONS
Returns FALSE on error.
Example #5
<?php
var_dump(substr('a', 1)); // bool(false)
?>
SEE ALSO strrchr(3), substr_replace(3), preg_match(3), trim(3), mb_substr(3), wordwrap(3), String access and modification by character.
PHP Documentation Group SUBSTR(3)