PWD(1P) 						     POSIX Programmer's Manual							   PWD(1P)

PROLOG

       This  manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the correspond-
       ing Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME

       pwd - return working directory name

SYNOPSIS

       pwd [-L | -P ]

DESCRIPTION

       The pwd utility shall write to standard output an absolute pathname of the current working directory, which does not contain the  filenames
       dot or dot-dot.

OPTIONS

       The pwd utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.

       The following options shall be supported by the implementation:

       -L     If  the  PWD  environment variable contains an absolute pathname of the current directory that does not contain the filenames dot or
	      dot-dot, pwd shall write this pathname to standard output. Otherwise, the -L option shall behave as the -P option.

       -P     The absolute pathname written shall not contain filenames that, in the context of the pathname, refer  to  files	of  type  symbolic
	      link.

       If  both  -L  and -P are specified, the last one shall apply.  If neither -L nor -P is specified, the pwd utility shall behave as if -L had
       been specified.

OPERANDS

       None.

STDIN

       Not used.

INPUT FILES

       None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of pwd:

       LANG   Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that  are	unset  or  null.  (See	the  Base  Definitions	volume	of
	      IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section  8.2,  Internationalization  Variables  for  the precedence of internationalization variables used to
	      determine the values of locale categories.)

       LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.

       LC_MESSAGES
	      Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.

       NLSPATH
	      Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES .

       PWD    If the -P option is in effect, this variable shall be set to an absolute pathname of the current working	directory  that  does  not
	      contain  any  components	that specify symbolic links, does not contain any components that are dot, and does not contain any compo-
	      nents that are dot-dot. If an application sets or unsets the value of PWD,  the behavior of pwd is unspecified.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS

       Default.

STDOUT

       The pwd utility output is an absolute pathname of the current working directory:

	      "%s
", <directory pathname>

STDERR

       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES

       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION

       None.

EXIT STATUS

       The following exit values shall be returned:

	0     Successful completion.

       >0     An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS

       If an error is detected, output shall not be written to standard output, a diagnostic message shall be written to standard error,  and  the
       exit status is not zero.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

       None.

EXAMPLES

       None.

RATIONALE

       Some implementations have historically provided pwd as a shell special built-in command.

       In most utilities, if an error occurs, partial output may be written to standard output. This does not happen in historical implementations
       of pwd. Because pwd is frequently used in historical shell scripts without checking the exit status, it is important  that  the	historical
       behavior  is  required here; therefore, the CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS section specifically disallows any partial output being written to stan-
       dard output.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       cd, the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, getcwd()

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technol-
       ogy -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and  the  original  IEEE
       and  The  Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained
       online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE
/The Open Group						       2003								   PWD(1P)