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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Question about /proc/acpi (Debian 7.2 w/ 3.2.0-4-686-pae kernel) Post 302881299 by bakunin on Friday 27th of December 2013 04:43:41 PM
Old 12-27-2013
Quote:
Originally Posted by gacanepa
In your opinion, am I missing anything?
Maybe...

Sit down, young one, while i tell you a story from the times of yore...

At first, there was UNIX ("UNICS", actually), and one absolutely new paradigma to this OS (and a prominent reason for its success) was the idea that everything is a file. UNIX does most of its workings in files: devices? There is a device file. Inter-process communication? There are named pipes and semaphores and FIFOs. Drivers? Interact with a pseudo device (file)! And so on, and so on.

Now, this was a very simple yet efficient and flexible design, but humans always seek to improve on even the best ideas and so a successor for UNIX was conceived by some of the people who built UNIX: it was called "Plan 9" and it took whatever was good in UNIX and tried to improve on it. One of these improvements was to take the idea of "everything is a file" one step further and do even process accounting in the filesystem: this was the invention of the /proc filesystem.

Well, sometimes even the best laid plans fall short and, sadly enough, this was the case with Plan 9 (from outer space) too - it never gained momentum and it never took off, let alone replaced UNIX. Still, many ideas from Plan 9 were good and have been built (Plan-9-developers would probably say "backported") into various UNIX flavours. The /proc filesystem was such an idea. It was built into the Linux kernel and since then most UNIX-derivates have - under the impression of the Linux success - also incorporated a /proc filesystem. My "home" OS, IBMs AIX, has it since version 5 (~2000). Also SunOS has it, but i don't know since when. I do not know enough about HP-Ux to know if there is a /proc filesystem or not.

I hope this story has enriched your understanding. I know, it will not answer any concrete questions of "how to ..." but i think knowing some historical dimensions of the things we deal with helps us doing better work in the long run.

bakunin
 

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NETWORK_NAMESPACES(7)					     Linux Programmer's Manual					     NETWORK_NAMESPACES(7)

NAME
network_namespaces - overview of Linux network namespaces DESCRIPTION
Network namespaces provide isolation of the system resources associated with networking: network devices, IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks, IP routing tables, firewall rules, the /proc/net directory (which is a symbolic link to /proc/PID/net), the /sys/class/net directory, various files under /proc/sys/net, port numbers (sockets), and so on. In addition, network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace (see unix(7)). A physical network device can live in exactly one network namespace. When a network namespace is freed (i.e., when the last process in the namespace terminates), its physical network devices are moved back to the initial network namespace (not to the parent of the process). A virtual network (veth(4)) device pair provides a pipe-like abstraction that can be used to create tunnels between network namespaces, and can be used to create a bridge to a physical network device in another namespace. When a namespace is freed, the veth(4) devices that it contains are destroyed. Use of network namespaces requires a kernel that is configured with the CONFIG_NET_NS option. SEE ALSO
nsenter(1), unshare(1), clone(2), veth(4), proc(5), sysfs(5), namespaces(7), user_namespaces(7), brctl(8), ip(8), ip-address(8), ip- link(8), ip-netns(8), iptables(8), ovs-vsctl(8) Linux 2018-02-02 NETWORK_NAMESPACES(7)
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