04-23-2013
What shell are you using? What operating system are you using?
Does your shell provide a way to get the number of characters in the value of a variable?
If you have the number of characters in the value of a variable and the number characters in the field in which that value is to be centered, can you determine how many spaces and/or tabs need to be displayed before that value to center it in the first column?
If you have the number of characters in the value of the variable to be displayed in the 1st column and the number of characters in the value to be displayed in the 2nd column and the width of the 2nd column heading and the number of spaces between the 1st and 2nd column headings, can you figure out how many spaces and/or tabs need to be displayed between the two values to make the 2nd value appear in the center of the 2nd column?
Is the printf utility one of the utilities you're allowed to use for this assignment? If so, do you know how to specify the width of a string to be printed as a decimal value in the printf format string operand?
PS Please use CODE tags when showing us input and output as well as for shell code that you provide.
Last edited by Don Cragun; 04-23-2013 at 09:43 PM..
Reason: Add plea for CODE tags
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
algorithm::munkres
Algorithm::Munkres(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Algorithm::Munkres(3pm)
NAME
Algorithm::Munkres - Perl extension for Munkres' solution to
classical Assignment problem for square and rectangular matrices
This module extends the solution of Assignment problem for square
matrices to rectangular matrices by padding zeros. Thus a rectangular
matrix is converted to square matrix by padding necessary zeros.
SYNOPSIS
use Algorithm::Munkres;
@mat = (
[2, 4, 7, 9],
[3, 9, 5, 1],
[8, 2, 9, 7],
);
assign(@mat,@out_mat);
Then the @out_mat array will have the output as: (0,3,1,2),
where
0th element indicates that 0th row is assigned 0th column i.e value=2
1st element indicates that 1st row is assigned 3rd column i.e.value=1
2nd element indicates that 2nd row is assigned 1st column.i.e.value=2
3rd element indicates that 3rd row is assigned 2nd column.i.e.value=0
DESCRIPTION
Assignment Problem: Given N jobs, N workers and the time taken by
each worker to complete a job then how should the assignment of a
Worker to a Job be done, so as to minimize the time taken.
Thus if we have 3 jobs p,q,r and 3 workers x,y,z such that:
x y z
p 2 4 7
q 3 9 5
r 8 2 9
where the cell values of the above matrix give the time required
for the worker(given by column name) to complete the job(given by
the row name)
then possible solutions are:
Total
1. 2, 9, 9 20
2. 2, 2, 5 9
3. 3, 4, 9 16
4. 3, 2, 7 12
5. 8, 9, 7 24
6. 8, 4, 5 17
Thus(2) is the optimal solution for the above problem.
This kind of brute-force approach of solving Assignment problem
quickly becomes slow and bulky as N grows, because the number of
possible solution are N! and thus the task is to evaluate each
and then find the optimal solution.(If N=10, number of possible
solutions: 3628800 !)
Munkres' gives us a solution to this problem, which is implemented
in this module.
This module also solves Assignment problem for rectangular matrices
(M x N) by converting them to square matrices by padding zeros. ex:
If input matrix is:
[2, 4, 7, 9],
[3, 9, 5, 1],
[8, 2, 9, 7]
i.e 3 x 4 then we will convert it to 4 x 4 and the modified input
matrix will be:
[2, 4, 7, 9],
[3, 9, 5, 1],
[8, 2, 9, 7],
[0, 0, 0, 0]
EXPORT
"assign" function by default.
INPUT
The input matrix should be in a two dimensional array(array of
array) and the 'assign' subroutine expects a reference to this
array and not the complete array.
eg:assign(@inp_mat, @out_mat);
The second argument to the assign subroutine is the reference
to the output array.
OUTPUT
The assign subroutine expects references to two arrays as its
input paramenters. The second parameter is the reference to the
output array. This array is populated by assign subroutine. This
array is single dimensional Nx1 matrix.
For above example the output array returned will be:
(0,
2,
1)
where
0th element indicates that 0th row is assigned 0th column i.e value=2
1st element indicates that 1st row is assigned 2nd column i.e.value=5
2nd element indicates that 2nd row is assigned 1st column.i.e.value=2
SEE ALSO
1. http://216.249.163.93/bob.pilgrim/445/munkres.html
2. Munkres, J. Algorithms for the assignment and transportation
Problems. J. Siam 5 (Mar. 1957), 32-38
3. FranA~Xois Bourgeois and Jean-Claude Lassalle. 1971.
An extension of the Munkres algorithm for the assignment
problem to rectangular matrices.
Communication ACM, 14(12):802-804
AUTHOR
Anagha Kulkarni, University of Minnesota Duluth
kulka020 <at> d.umn.edu
Ted Pedersen, University of Minnesota Duluth
tpederse <at> d.umn.edu
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (C) 2007-2008, Ted Pedersen and Anagha Kulkarni
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
perl v5.10.0 2008-10-22 Algorithm::Munkres(3pm)