04-20-2013
That's a GREAT question!.
Remember that the "c" variable is an int variable. You are using it to store what we call a "character", but ultimately "c" just holds a number.
What number does it store?
Under the "good" logic, it stores ASCII decimal 65 for 'A', etc. for each character it reads. That is fine.
Under the "bad" logic, it stores a 0 or 1 (equal or unequal). What ASCII characters do 0 or 1 represent? Some weird control character. That's why you get the garbage printed.
Does that make sense to you?
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ctype(3C) ctype(3C)
NAME
ctype: isalnum(), isalpha(), isascii(), isblank(), iscntrl(), isdigit(), isgraph(), islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
isxdigit() - classify characters according to type
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
These functions classify character-coded integer values according to the rules of the coded character set identified by the last successful
call to (see setlocale(3C)). Each function is a predicate returning nonzero for true, zero for false.
If has not been called successfully, characters are classified according to the rules of the default ASCII 7-bit coded character set (see
setlocale(3C)).
is defined on all integer values; the other functions are defined for the range (EOF) through
RETURN VALUE
The functions return nonzero under the following circumstances; zero otherwise:
c is an alphanumeric (letters or digits).
c is a letter.
c is any ASCII character code between 0 and 0177, inclusive.
c is a blank character; that is, a space or a tab.
c is a control character (in ASCII: character codes less than 040 and the delete character(0177)).
c is a decimal digit (in ASCII: characters [0-9]).
c is a visible character (in ASCII: printing characters, excluding the space character(040)).
c is a lowercase letter.
c is a printing character.
c is a punctuation character (in ASCII: any printing character except the space character(040), digits, letters).
c is a character that creates whitespace in displayed text (in ASCII: space, tab, carriage return, newline, verti-
cal tab, and formfeed).
c is an uppercase letter.
c is a hexadecimal digit (in ASCII: characters [0-9], [A-F] or [a-f]).
If the argument to any of these functions is outside the domain of the function, the result is undefined.
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Environment Variables
The category determines the classification of character type.
International Code Set Support
Single-byte character code sets are supported.
WARNINGS
These functions are supplied both as library functions and as macros defined in the header. Normally, the macro versions are used. To
obtain the library function, either use a to remove the macro definition or, if compiling in ANSI-C mode, enclose the function name in
parenthesis or take its address. The following example uses the library functions for and
AUTHOR
was developed by IBM, OSF, and HP.
SEE ALSO
setlocale(3C), ascii(5), thread_safety(5).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
ctype(3C)